Books - Rae Earnshaw

Books completed (most recent at the top)

(Full list from 1985 to the present)

Earnshaw R.A. (2018): “Research and Development in Digital Media”, Springer, Switzerland ISBN: 978-3-319-73079-0. Downloads of the e-book as at 23 May 2018 = 738 For more information see: https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319730790

Earnshaw R.A. (2017): “State of the Art in Digital Media and Applications”, Springer, Switzerland ISBN: 978-3-319-61408-3. Downloads of the e-book as at 23 May 2018 = 1,388 For more information see: http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319614083

Earnshaw R.A. (2017): “Art, Design and Technology: Collaboration and Implementation”, Springer, Switzerland ISBN: 978-3-319-58120-0. Downloads of the e-book as at 23 May 2018 = 2,907 For more information see: https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319581200

Earnshaw R.A. (2017): “Research and Development in the Academy, Creative Industries and Applications”, Springer, Switzerland ISBN: 978-3-319-54080-1. Downloads (23 May) = 1, 691 For more information see: https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319540801

Earnshaw R.A. (2016): “Research and Development in Art, Design, and Creativity”, Springer, Switzerland ISBN: 978-3-319-33004-4. Downloads of the e-book as at 23 May 2018 = 2,019 For more information see: http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319330044

The 5th and latest book is “Research and Development in Digital Media”. The manuscript was delivered to the publisher, Springer, on 15 November 2017. Publication date was 5 February 2018. The Foreword was provided by Professor John Vince. This book is a companion volume to the previous one on “State of the Art in Digital Media and Applications”. The latter presents a user view of digital media and applications. “Research and Development in Digital Media” presents an overview of the underpinning and technical aspects of digital media. ISBN – 978-3-319-73079-0. Springer web page – https://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319730790

“State of the Art in Digital Media and Applications” by R. A. Earnshaw. Springer web site for the book – http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319614083 Foreword by Professor Kellogg S. Booth, University of British Columbia, Canada. https://www.cs.ubc.ca/people/kellogg-booth Recipient of the 2016 Canadian Digital Media Pioneer Award. http://graphicsinterface.org/awards/cdmp/kellogg-s-booth/ Published by Springer on 15 September 2017.

“Art, Design and Technology: Collaboration and Implementation” by R. A. Earnshaw. Springer web site for the book is – http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319581200 Foreword by Professor Daniel Thalmann, NTU, Singapore and EPFL, Switzerland. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Thalmann Published by Springer on 16 June 2017

Earnshaw R.A. (2017): “Research and Development in the Academy, Creative Industries and Applications”, Springer, Swizerland ISBN: 978-3-319-54080-1.
For more information see: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54081-8

Publication date 16 March 2017 – e-book and print versions – 120 pages

(e-book has numerous hot web links to further information sources)

The final publication is available at Springer via –http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54081-8

Print ISBN 978-3-319-54080-1

Online ISBN 978-3-319-54081-8

Each chapter may be previewed by clicking on “Look Inside”. This shows the first two pages of the chapter which includes the Abstract. The Front Matter, including the Foreword and the Table of Contents, can be viewed by clicking on the free “Download PDF” under Front Matter. Prof John Dill, School of Interactive Arts and Technology, Simon Fraser University, Canada, provided the Foreword.

And also available from Amazon (with preview – Look Inside) –

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Research-Development-Industries-Applications-SpringerBriefs-x/dp/3319540807

Abstract of Book and Contents

Abstract

“Research & Development in Art, Design and Creativity” (Earnshaw, 2016) concentrates on communication, collaboration, and creativity. This present volume examines how these aspects can facilitate the development of applications. These include art, design, creative industries, and a wider range of applications.

The development of the academy and its relationship with industry is reviewed. The expansion of the academy has resulted in an increasing awareness of the value of research and development, and the contribution that the academy can make to industry and wider society. In a competitive market place and the increasing globalization of business, industry increasingly seeks to use strategies, tools and techniques that increase efficiency and effectiveness, whilst at the same time maximizing quality and minimizing cost. Companies may consider outsourcing their research and development requirements to reduce corporate overheads and optimize staffing levels. This means that universities and other private laboratories can utilize the opportunity and look to collaborate with industry to supply this expertise on terms that are mutually acceptable and beneficial. Universities also generate their own spin-outs from intellectual property they create, as well as licensing technology to industry.

A variety of models of interaction between the academy and industry have been developed depending on the one hand on the circumstances of the institution, its mission, its values, its expertise, and its relationship to the local and cultural environment in which it is situated. On the other hand, there are factors to do with local and national industry including their needs and requirements, their methods of operation, and the degree to which the expertise in the academy may be utilized to advantage. The pros and cons of these various models are reviewed.

The creative industries require innovative and added-value content. They cover a variety of market sectors including advertising, architecture, art, crafts, design, fashion, film, music, performing arts, publishing, R&D, software, toys and games, TV and radio, and video games. They are increasingly driven by digital content and distributed via digital networks. They have a significant impact on economies through wealth and job creation, and also serve a valuable social and cultural purpose. Interoperability is increasingly required across a variety of platforms and products to ensure customers are able to seamlessly access content and services. Access to content requires metadata and open standards. Transaction processing involves digital currency and easy-to-use licensing and commerce.

Wider industrial applications arising from research and development in science, engineering, and technology are playing an increasing role in support of a nation’s growth and development. The exploitation of knowledge and information is the key to economic progress. The academy plays a key role in this enterprise.

A number of Case Studies in creative industries and wider applications illustrate how the academy and industry can collaborate to mutual benefit and advantage. Each Case Study is written by an expert in the field, and includes the pros and cons of the collaboration and the lessons learned.

Keywords: applied research, Bayh-Dole Act, technology transfer, knowledge exchange, globalization, small and medium-sized enterprises, industrial collaboration, marketization of the academy, science and technology parks, innovation, intellectual property, non-disclosure agreement, knowledge-based economy, knowledge transfer, economic development, blue-sky research, digital content, metadata, open standards, transaction processing, digital currency, intellectual property, licensing, wealth creation, cultural engagement

Chapter Titles

1. “History and Background: The Development of the Academy and Industry”

2. “Models of Interaction between the Academy and Industry”

3. “Technology Transfer for the Creative Industries and Wider Industrial Applications”

4. “The Entrepreneurial Academician and the Collaborating Industrialist”

Case Studies (chapter on each)

5. “Shared Virtual Environments”

Prof Alexei Sourin, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

6. “Digital Holography as a Creative Medium to Display and Re-interpret Museum Artefacts, applied to Chinese Porcelain Masterpieces”

Dr Shuo Wang, Dr Ardeshir Osanlou and Prof Peter S. Excell, Wrexham Glyndwr University, UK

7. “Improving the Physical Properties of Materials by Collaboration between Industry and the Academy”

Dr Elvin L. Nix

8. Conclusions

_________________________________________________

“Research and Development in Art, Design and Creativity”

Publisher: Springer

Author: Prof Rae Earnshaw

http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319330044

http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319330044

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Research-Development-Creativity-SpringerBriefs-Computer/dp/3319330047

https://raearnshaw.co.uk/books/

Publication date: 10 July 2016 – e-book and print versions

(e-book has numerous hot web links to further information sources)

ISBN-13: 978-3319330044

ISBN-10: 3319330047

The “Free Preview” of each chapter provides the first two pages which includes the Abstract of the

chapter. It is accessed by clicking on “Look Inside” on –

http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-33005-1

Prof Jim Foley, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA, provided a Foreword to the Book and this can
be accessed by clicking on the free “Download PDF” under Front Matter. This also includes the Preface
and Table of Contents for the book.

There is also a “Look Inside” feature in the Amazon link below to view some of the content –

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Research-Development-Creativity-SpringerBriefs-Computer/dp/3319330047

https://raearnshaw.co.uk/books/

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33005-1

Further information is in the following sections –

Overview Summary

Book Length

Note on Images

Chapters in the Book

Detailed Summary of the Book

Shortlist of Keywords

Abstracts of the Chapters

Acknowledgements

Overview Summary

Provides a concise introduction to research and development within the creative arts
Explores how technology can benefit the arts and its creative processes
Introduces effective research and development strategies for practitioners within art, design and their associated fields

This book details how research and development in art and design can be formulated, progressed, measured, and reviewed. It explores the challenges of interdisciplinary research and highlights its importance and significance for the future of research in art and design and its relationship to science and technology.

The author looks at how creative processes and ideas are devised and how technology and its applications are changing these processes and the way in which research is developed and advanced. The use of digital environments in art and design, and the application of new frameworks, tools, and opportunities for the expression of new ideas and design are discussed.

Research and Development in Art, Design and Creativity is an essential read for anyone interested in the concept of collaboration and communication and how this applies to art and its creation.

Book Length

Note that books in this Springer series are limited to 125 pages max. This book is approx. 90 pages.

The objective of this book is to provide a summary of the main points in each of the areas – what is established, what is currently being researched and developed; and what are the expected ongoing issues and options for the future. Thus it is a kind of executive briefing for readers who want a quick update of current issues in the field. It is not intended to include every aspect in the fields being addressed.

Note on Images

An earlier draft of the book included many more images than have made the final book. This was done as a result of feedback by a number of chapter reviewers who felt that in some cases the principal point of an image was duplicated by another image. In this case the second image was excluded. The original choice of a larger number of images was done to seek to break up the text for cosmetic and presentational reasons (and perhaps to improve interest and readability). In the end, this argument gave way to the views of the reviewers. There were also copyright issues with a small number of the images we wanted to include – for various reasons. These have been excluded.

Chapters in the Book

Chapter 1 – Strategies for Research and Development in Art and Design

Abstract

Keywords

1.1Introduction

1.2 Research in Art and Design

1.3 The UK Research Excellence Framework 2014

1.4 Strategy in the European Union and National Science Foundation

1.5 Strategy in the UK Research Councils

1.6 Strategy in the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council

1.7 National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts

1.8 Current Research Strategies in Universities

1.9 Increasing Selectivity in Research and Research Funding

1.10 Large Scale Collaborative Research versus Individual Research

1.11 Conclusions

References

Bibliography

Chapter 2 – Models for Research in Art, Design, and Creativity

Abstract

Keywords

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Research in Art and Design

2.3 Practice-led Research

2.4 Models for Research in Art and Design

2.5 Models for Research in Creativity

2.6 The Relationship of Art and Design to Technology

2.7 Conclusions

References

Bibliography

Chapter 3 – Collaboration Methodologies in Art and Design

Abstract

Keywords

3.1 Collaboration across Traditional Disciplinary Boundaries

3.2 Ancient Civilisations

3.3 Design Education

3.4 Art and Science Collaboration

3.5 Crowd-Accelerated Development

3.6 Visualization and Collaboration

3.7 Contemporary Collaborations

3.8 Conclusions

References

Bibliography

Chapter 4 – Creativity and Creative Processes in Art and Design

Abstract

Keywords

4.1 Defining Creativity

4.2 Historical Examples of Creativity

4.3 Interaction and Creativity

4.4 Digital Environments and Creativity

4.5 Enhancing Creativity

4.6 New Media in Cyberworlds

4.7 Interaction and Collaboration

4.8 Crowd Accelerated Innovation

4.9 Can Creativity be Developed?

4.10 Can Creativity be Measured?

4.12 Conditions for Creativity to Flourish

4.13 Creativity and Big Data

4.14 Creativity and Discovering the Unknown

4.15 Percentage of GDP spent by a country on Research and Innovation

4.16 Research in Creativity

4.17 Creativity and Paradigm Shift

4.18 Conclusions

References

Bibliography

Chapter 5 – Research Monitoring and Audit in Art and Design

Abstract

Keywords

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Assessing Research Quality

5.2.1 Research Quality

5.2.2 Research Outputs

5.2.3 Research Impact

5.2.4 Research Environment

5.2.5 Interdisciplinary Research

5.3 Results of the Evaluation

5.4 Lessons from the Overview Reports

5.4.1 Strengths

5.4.2 Weaknesses

5.4.3 Observations

5.4.4 Discussion

5.5 Staff Selection

5.6 Use of Metrics

5.7 Use of Metrics in Art and Design

5.8 Review of Metrics by the Higher Education Funding Council

5.9 Evaluation of the UK Research Excellence Framework 2014

5.10 Distinctive considerations for Creative Disciplines

5.11 Monitoring and Audit

5.12 Cost-benefit Analysis

5.13 Changing Patterns of Publication

5.14 Conclusions

References

Bibliography

Detailed Summary of the Book

Research and development are essential to academic disciplines and society. The significant developments of the Industrial Revolution are inextricably linked to those of the Renaissance. Knowledge and awareness of the natural world in all its many aspects was increased. Visual representations developed in the Renaissance have stood the test of time and have had a major effect on our thinking and understanding. The spirit of enquiry, along with formalism and reflection, has enabled many significant discoveries and advancements to be made. Standing on the shoulders of giants¹ that have gone before is equally true today as it was for our forebears who participated in the transitioning of the Dark Ages to the Modern Age. Research and development are therefore continually essential in order to push back the frontiers of current knowledge and to convert what is currently unknown into the known. This increases understanding and opens up new lines of enquiry.

Research in art and design involves the knowledge and understanding associated with creative works. Practice-led research is also an integral part of art and design. All these areas have been subject to ongoing discussion and debate. One of the current challenges is to produce models that facilitate and enable the development and advancement of research within art and design, and also make interdisciplinary applications possible. Many significant creative works in the arts are produced by one individual, as part of an existing tradition or advancing a new one. At the same time, collaboration in art and design plays a significant part in the development of the field by means of joint projects, exhibitions, artistic events, conferences, and publications. The relationship between creativity, collaboration, and artistic works, and their interaction with other disciplines, and their interplay with social media, brings added dimensions to collaboration.

The increase in the use of digital environments provides new frameworks, tools, and opportunities for the expression of new ideas and new designs, as well as providing new kinds of interactions and environments within which ideas and concepts can be generated, displayed, and explored. The extent to which new technologies may advance the creativity process is examined.

This volume details five key aspects in art, design and creativity. These include strategies for research and development, models for research, methodologies for collaboration, developing creativity, and the monitoring and audit of research and development.

Footnote

1676 letter of Sir Isaac Newton: “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants”

Short List of Keywords

Research quality, creative works, practice-led research, interdisciplinarity, research strategy, collaboration, research models, research environment, research metrics, creative processes, digital environments, societal impact, social media.

Bibliography at the end of each chapter – a list of further reading of major works in the field.

Abstracts of Chapters

1.Strategies for Research and Development in Art and Design

Abstract

It is a requirement of many higher education institutions and research organisations throughout the world that they develop corporate strategies in order to specify organisational objectives and the timescales for their delivery. These normally include statements about mission, vision and values. Such strategies also have to satisfy national and statutory requirements where national functions, standards, and funding are involved. These corporate strategies will include research strategies for those areas of the institution engaged in research. Thus many organisations and institutions formulate research and development strategies for their Institutes or Schools of Art and Design in order to synchronise with the over-arching strategies of the organisations to which they belong. These Institutes or Schools may be supported by research and industry groups within the area of art and design that seek to capitalise on the academic strengths of their constituent members and their individual and collective research achievements and aspirations. This may also involve external partnerships in areas where joint work is taking place, whether with another School in the institution, an external sponsor, an artistic agency, a funding body, or an external research group. Most projects funded by the European Union require the participation of different research groups from different countries, where complementary of research specialisms and skills is required in order to enable the project to deliver research results, products, or services, and meet the wider canvas defined by the proposal. Such collaborations enable larger research and development projects to be undertaken and a more detailed set of objectives to be realised. These have the potential to make a greater impact in terms of research outputs, new products, or new service deliverables, and the consequent benefits that can be brought to wider society. Funding for research is increasingly competitive both nationally and internationally, so there is increasing emphasis on research quality. Thus individuals, research groups, and institutions, often seek to optimise their research strategies and research strengths in order to have maximum effect on their opportunities to support quality research, attract research grants, deliver research results, and attract other good researchers, whether academic staff or postgraduate students. The days of the individual researcher working in isolation are decreasing, unless this is done on a private basis, simply because the framework within which academic research is done has a greater degree of organisation, formalisation, accountability, and compliance due to the need to make the best use of limited resources. This framework typically seeks to synchronise its objectives with those of the funding agencies to maximise the chances of successful bids. In addition, those individuals who are involved in creative works such as painting or sculpture with associated exhibitions can often be incorporated into appropriate research groups, and may also obtain external sponsorship to support their work.

Keywords

Corporate strategy, research quality, research impact, research and innovation, interdisciplinary, practice-based research, practice-led research

Models for Research in Art, Design, and Creativity

Abstract

Advancement of knowledge and understanding is a prerequisite for research in any discipline. This may be accomplished by models that are able to develop and advance the field, and provide a basis for critical analysis and reflection. Such models must also be relevant to the modes of analysis involved, and it is useful if they are also consistent with internal and external strategies for research, and the funding, evaluation, and audit of research. The implications of institutional and national measurements can often affect the advancement and promotion of academic staff, and the funding allocations to the institution as a consequence of national audit. This can become a virtuous circle and lead to greater research advances in the field than might have otherwise been possible.

Keywords

Research models, research development, research assessment, practice-led research, interdisciplinary research

Collaboration Methodologies in Art and Design

Abstract

Artists such as Leonardo da Vinci were involved with the creation of artistic works and also novel inventions that were intended to serve a purpose in the natural world. Both were seen to be an integral part of the same spirit of enquiry. Collaboration between the arts and the sciences has a long history. In both areas and between them, there are aspects of tension, division, form, and beauty. Art works are traditionally produced in the studio by individual artists. However, computer technology and digital media have increased the variety of tools and environments available to the artist and the designer, and also the potential benefits through sharing and collaboration via telecommunication networks. Visualization and virtual reality bring new dimensions of interactive capability to the artist and the designer in both design and implementation. They also allow art works to be exhibited to global audiences. Digital convergence is bringing the areas of computers, media, and telecommunications closer together, giving rise to new environments and new creative opportunities. Crowd-accelerated developments and creative collaboration via social media are having a transformative effect on the creation, distribution, and the exhibition of creative works, and on traditional art and design processes. Multi-user interaction enables location-based art works to be transformed into new kinds of interactive and dynamic experiences for global viewers. Technology and applications are therefore changing the way ideas are formulated and the way research is developed and advanced. In addition, the ubiquity of new media has facilitated its use to support and develop a number of application domains. The relationship between creativity, collaboration, and artistic works, and their interaction and interplay with social media, brings added dimensions to collaboration.

Keywords

Virtual collaboration, creative artworks, digital convergence, creative play, collaboration, interdisciplinarity, models of creativity, innovation in art and design, social media

Creativity and Creative Processes in Art and Design

Abstract

Humans have created since the dawn of civilisation. Generating a design, leaving a mark, producing an artefact, communicating a concept, or changing a tradition, all involve the transformation of an idea into reality. This expression is often an advance on the status quo and contributes something new. At the same time such creations, and the ideas behind them, are inescapably connected to the social and cultural experiences of individuals and communities within which they were created. They also often play a significant part in the development of cultures, traditions, and the economic growth of organisations and nations. They often define these cultures, secure their place in history, and provide a legacy for future generations. An important component of creativity is communication. This presupposes a degree of openness on the part of the communicator and the recipients(s). Such openness indicates a readiness to receive new ideas and new cultural contexts, and also reciprocate by sharing information and searching for new explanations of disparate concepts. Thus the development of human creativity has depended to a large extent on speech, writing, images, reading, observing, and printing. The latter took a major step forward with the development of the printing press. This has greatly facilitated the process of learning and the sharing of information. Increased potential for communication has led to communities being more open and innovative. Multiple channels are now available. Open ways of thinking and working are able to support the generation of new concepts and ideas more readily than closed environments. In addition, the increase in the use of digital environments provides new frameworks, tools, and opportunities for the expression of new ideas and new designs, as well as providing new kinds of interactions and environments within which ideas can be generated, displayed, and explored. The extent to which new technologies may advance the creativity process is discussed. Factors governing creativity and the degree to which they may be augmented and enhanced are analysed. The massive increase in the volume of information being generated and circulated by digital systems is analogous to that brought about by the printing press, and could thus constitute a new technological paradigm. The extent to which this may constitute a paradigm shift on the status quo is analysed. Extracting meaning and knowledge from very large sets of information is a significant challenge often requiring multidisciplinary expertise of the kind provided by teams of mathematicians, statisticians, social scientists, data visualization specialists, and presentation experts.

Keywords

Creative processes, digital environments, virtual design, virtual exhibition, cyberworlds, social media interactions, creative industries, paradigm shift

Research Monitoring and Audit in Art and Design

Abstract

Periodic assessment of research in UK universities has taken place since 1986. This is used as a case study in order to highlight the key issues involved in monitoring and evaluating research. The most recent audit in the UK took place during 2014 with the results being published at the end of 2014. This case study is concerned with art and design though all disciplines were included in the national assessment. The method used for assessing research quality is outlined and the results summarised. Primarily this was by means of peer review of published research outputs by a panel of leading experts in the area, with international experts to ensure parity with international standards. Other factors used were the impact of the work being submitted and the quality of the research environment where the work had been done. The standing of the vehicle of publication was not used as a proxy for the quality of the publication, though citation data was used in some areas to confirm evaluations. Practice-led and practice-based research have also generated substantial discussion in terms of seeking a consensus on what is appropriate for developmental purposes and academic assessment. In addition, this area also needs evaluation methods which are fair and consistent across different types of practice. The lessons drawn from the evaluation by the UK Research Excellence Framework in 2014 are detailed. A comparison of peer review methods with the use of bibliometrics is presented. A number of issues are identified and discussed. These include the staff selected for submission, the method of evaluation, and a cost-benefit analysis of the process.

Keywords: research assessment, quality profile, research outputs, research impact, knowledge transfer, research environment, practice-based research, interdisciplinarity, creative disciplines, metrics, research monitoring

Acknowledgements

Thanks and appreciation are due to all those who read draft versions of the chapters and provided comments to improve technical content and readability. These included Dr Jack Bresenham, Dr Stuart Cunningham, Mr Mohan de Silva, Prof John Dill, Prof Peter Excell, Prof Richard Guedj, Mr Alan Haigh, Prof Bob Hopgood, Dr Karen Heald, Prof David Johns, Dr Susan Liggett, Mr John McClenaghen, Mr John McDermott, Mr Mick McKigney, Mr Stewart Milne, Mr Bob Parslow, Dr Tracey Piper-Wright, Prof Alec Shepley, and Prof John Vince. However, responsibility for the final text rests with the author.

Thanks are expressed to colleagues and students at the School of Creative Arts at Wrexham Glyndwr University, Wales, for many useful discussions and reviews of various chapters.

Thanks are expressed to Professor Jim Foley (Georgia Tech, USA) for providing the Foreword to the book.

Thanks and appreciation are also due to Springer for assistance and support with the production of the book and e-book.

_________________________________________________

“Expanding the Frontiers of Visual Analytics and Visualization”

John Dill (Simon Fraser University, Canada), Rae Earnshaw (University of Bradford, UK), David Kasik (The Boeing Company, USA), John Vince (Bournemouth University, UK), Pak Chung Wong (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA) (Editors)

Dedicated to the memory of Jim Thomas

Foreword by Jim Foley (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA)

Published by Springer, May 2012

ISBN 978-1-4471-2803-8

519 pages, 222 illustrations in color.

Springer web site –

http://www.springer.com/computer/hci/book/978-1-4471-2803-8?changeHeader

Summary

The data deluge problem is increasing. Every day the results of scientific experiments, monitoring instruments, medical analysis, and social networks add petabytes to the world’s information. Many future experiments will generate data that will be substantially more than has been collected throughout history. How can we effectively translate this into meaningful information, particularly if there is a time critical element to the data? Although Moore’s law results in an ever-decreasing cost of processing, storage, and transmission – so that the data can be stored and transmitted – it does not necessarily follow that the data can be processed effectively. Visual analytics seeks to facilitate analytical reasoning supported by interactive visual interfaces in order to integrate the human into the analysis process.

Expanding the Frontiers of Visual Analytics and Visualization contains international contributions by leading researchers from within the field. Dedicated to the memory of Jim Thomas, the book begins with the dynamics of evolving a vision based on some of the principles that Jim and colleagues established and in which Jim’s leadership was evident. This is followed by chapters in the areas of visual analytics, visualization, interaction, modelling, architecture, and virtual reality, before concluding with the key area of technology transfer to industry.

Visual analytics and visualization bring together the areas of computer science, information visualization, cognitive and perceptual sciences, interactive design, graphic design, and social sciences.

Invited Authors include –

Prof Mike Bailey, Oregon State University, USA

http://web.engr.oregonstate.edu/~mjb/WebMjb/mjb.html

Prof Mark Billinghurst, University of Christchurch, New Zealand

http://www.hitlabnz.org/index.php/people

http://www.hitl.washington.edu/people/person.php?name=grof

http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/ucresearchprofile/Researcher.aspx?researcherid=87070

Prof Ken Brodlie, University of Leeds, UK

http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/kwb/

http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/kwb/research.html

Prof Chaomei Chen, Drexel University, USA

http://www.pages.drexel.edu/~cc345

Kris Cook, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA

http://nvac.pnl.gov/

Prof Peter Eades, University of Sydney, Australia

http://sydney.edu.au/engineering/it/~peter/

Prof Jose L. Encarnacao, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany

http://www.gris.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/home/members/encarnacao/index.de.htm

http://www.igd.fraunhofer.de/

http://www.graphicsmedia.net/

Prof Peter S. Excell, Dean, Institute for Arts, Science and Technology, Glyndwr University, UK

http://www.newi.ac.uk/computing/research/PE.htm

http://kn.theiet.org/communities/electromagnetics/exec-team/peter-excell.cfm

Prof Dieter W. Fellner, Fraunhoher IGD and Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany

http://www.gris.tu-darmstadt.de/home/members/fellner/index.en.htm

Prof James D. Foley, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Jim.Foley/foley.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Foley

Prof Mikael Jern, Linkoping University, Sweden

http://ncva.itn.liu.se

http://ncomva.com

Prof Daniel A. Keim, University of Konstanz, Germany

http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/~keim/

Michael Kluse, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, USA

http://www.pnl.gov/about/kluse_bio.asp

Prof Tosiyasu L. Kunii, Morpho Inc and University of Tokyo, Japan

http://www.morphoinc.com/

http://www.kunii.net/

Prof Haesun Park, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA

http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~hpark/

Dr Jon Peddie, Jon Peddie Research, USA

http://www.jonpeddie.com/

http://www.jonpeddie.com/about/who-we-are

http://www.glgroup.com/Council-Member/Jon-Peddie-2643.html

Theresa-Marie Rhyne, Computer Graphics Consultant, USA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa-Marie_Rhyne

Prof Bill Ribarsky, University of North Carolina, USA

http://coitweb.uncc.edu/~ribarsky/

Dr Lawrence J. Rosenblum, National Science Foundation, USA

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum

Prof Ben Shneiderman, University of Maryland, USA

http://www.cs.umd.edu/~ben/

Prof Gabriel Taubin, Brown University, USA

http://mesh.brown.edu/taubin/

Prof Daniel Thalmann, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

http://research.ntu.edu.sg/expertise/academicprofile/pages/StaffProfile.aspx?ST_EMAILID=DANIELTHALMANN

http://people.epfl.ch/daniel.thalmann

Prof Bodo Urban, Fraunhofer IGD, Rostock, Germany

http://www.igd.fraunhofer.de/en/Institut/Abteilungen/Interactive-Document-Engineering/Mitarbeiter/Prof-Dr-Ing-Bodo-Urban

Prof Dr Frank Van Reeth, Hasselt University – Expertise Centre for Digital Media, Belgium

http://www.edm.uhasselt.be/people/show/frank.van_reeth

Dr Turner Whitted, Microsoft Research, USA

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7x1Ye8GBaEI

Prof Jian Jun Zhang, Bournemouth University, UK

http://nccastaff.bournemouth.ac.uk/jzhang/

UGAIL H., QAHWAJI R.S.R., EARNSHAW R.A. AND WILLIS P.J. (EDS), “PROCEEDINGS OF CYBERWORLDS 2009”, IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY, LOS ALAMITOS, USA, ISBN: 978-0-7695-3791-7, pp. 400, SEPTEMBER 2009.

Initially published as a digital publication on CD; now available online at IEEE Computer Society –

http://www2.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/abs/proceedings/cw/2009/3791/00/3791toc.htm
http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/CW.2009.6

From 1995 to 2009 the number of users on the Internet has grown from 16 million (0.4% of the world’s population) to 1.7 billion (25% of the world’s population) http://www.internetworldstats.com/ Many individuals and organisations recognise that visibility and connectivity with the Internet are enablers to research, development, and communications, even if their research or business is not directly connected with the Internet. However, it is clear that there are increasing components of research, business, and information on the Internet because of the tools and facilities that are available for the processing of data, and also the potential for the global marketing and searching of information.

Cyberworlds are information spaces formed in cyberspace http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberworlds The term was originally coined by Professor T. L. Kunii, and the first international meeting on the subject was held in 1993. Its objective was to explore the meaning, philosophy and the potential of these worlds synthesized on the web, as well as in computational spaces in general. Since then, the conferences have been organised on an annual basis and its proceedings are published by IEEE Computer Society. This volume is the proceedings for Cyberworlds 2009. There are also corresponding special issues of selected and expanded papers published by The Visual Computer http://www.springer.com/computer/computer+imaging/journal/371

Some cyberworlds are completely virtual and may contain rules for their own modification and development over time, and for interacting with users. Such worlds may contain virtual objects, characters and humans – with a set of rules for their behaviours and also interaction with the real world. Others are application environments that contain data for analysis or to process data inputted by the user. E-Science is an example of this and the growth in this area is an example of how linked programs and data via the web offers a rich environment for global collaboration, simulation, and analysis http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-Science

These developments have also raised the question of how best to understand this global interlinking of programs and information, given their increasing size and complexity. How best may it be modelled in order to more fully understand what is happening in real-time and how best to realise its full potential for the future? This is clearly a key question that needs to be addressed http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1364798 .
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13347/
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/17132/

EARNSHAW R. A. AND J. A. VINCE (EDS) DIGITAL CONVERGENCE – LIBRARIES OF THE FUTURE ISBN 13-978-1-84628-902-6, pp 447, OCTOBER 2007

Introductory Chapter in the book
Contents of the Book

The convergence of IT, telecommunications, and media is bringing about a revolution in the way information is collected, stored and accessed. There are three principal reasons why this is happening – reducing cost, increasing quality, and increasing bandwidth. Moore’s Law* results in ever-decreasing costs of processing, storage, and transmission. Digital information preserves content accuracy (e.g. digital television) in a way other systems do not. High bandwidth transmission from one place to another on the planet is now possible. Information is ubiquitous and globally accessible, and can be held and accessed just as easily on a global network as on a local personal computer or in a local library. Devices are increasingly intelligent and are network-ready. User interfaces are becoming more adaptable and flexible, and can be tailored to particular application domains. Digital intelligence is becoming seamless and invisible, enabling more attention to be paid to the content and the user’s interaction with it. This revolution is having effects on the development and organisation of information and artefact repositories such as libraries, museums, and exhibitions, and the way in which physical and digital aspects are mediated to users. The changes that digital convergence is bringing about are substantial and are also likely to be long-lasting. This volume presents key aspects in this rapidly moving field in the areas of technology and information sciences – from international experts who are leaders in their fields.
* http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore’s_law

This book is a Festschrift in honour of Dr Reg Carr’s contributions to the field over the last 30 years.

Foreword by Sir Colin Lucas, Chair, British Library Board, UK

I first met Reg Carr when I was a young Lecturer at Manchester University and he was a young Assistant Librarian there. I came across him again some 25 years later when he was appointed Bodley’s Librarian and Director of the University Library Services at Oxford shortly before I became Vice-Chancellor there. The new addition to that old title of “Bodley’s Librarian” symbolised obliquely how much had changed in the challenges facing libraries between those two moments of encounter. Reg Carr had become in Leeds and was to continue to be in Oxford one of the principal influences in trying to think how to adapt to them.

I learned to do historical research at a time when major libraries were fine and private places. As one entered them, their characteristic and reassuring smell announced already the mysteries that awaited – card indexes, printed catalogues (or even ones with slips pasted in by hand) and bibliographies to be perused with imagination as much as method, references to be culled and followed, inspired guesses at the contents behind seemingly irrelevant titles, books patiently read in search of a single fact or an idea sparked by something apparently outside one’s line of enquiry, the sense of treading where few others had been, and so on. The lone scholar can still have this sort of experience, although immeasurably enhanced and hastened by the appearance of electronic catalogues. However, it echoes a time when knowledge was closely held by the few, difficult to acquire in depth and to handle in breadth. That is decreasingly what libraries are centrally about now.

The purpose of libraries would have been limited indeed if they had served only to preserve the accumulation of human knowledge, belief and imagination by locking it away. Even so, the revolution that has been wrought in our world generally by IT, digitisation and telecommunications has and continues to transform libraries rapidly and profoundly, not only in how they do their business but also in some senses in what they are.

To traditional and new library users the most immediate effect is on access. What is (perhaps glibly) referred to as the “Google generation” has quite different expectations about access to information and quite different assumptions about how research is to be done. Across the spectrum of research — whether academic, commercial, creative or personal – users expect speed and convenience in work, comprehensiveness combined with sensitivity in search engines, and the capacity to manipulate large data sets.

The digitisation of holdings responds to this, most obviously to date in the initiatives launched by Google and Microsoft. Other forces push in the same direction. Digitisation seems to offer one solution to the endless effort of preservation, though we are already learning that its own particular forms of obsolescence and decay are as daunting as the physical deterioration of objects. Further, the electronic revolution clearly reduces costs in processing and transmission and also by compressing storage requirements dramatically.

Beyond this, however, the function of libraries is changing into a future as yet unclear. Libraries are only part of a complex information system globally accessible and thereby seemingly ever more present, ephemeral and voluminous. At the most ordinary level, libraries face new problems on how to capture this information, especially when born digital, how to adapt their traditional function as preserver and authenticator of text in all its forms, and how to manage copyright issues in an electronic world. At a more innovative level, libraries have to confront the problem of the continuing evolution in how their users relate to them. How far will they eventually travel towards something more closely resembling a website and a virtual resource for readers endowed with unforeseen desktop power by successive Web types and the progeny of broadband? What kind of information hunger will be generated in what kind of public hitherto innocent of libraries and how to reach and satisfy it? And what should libraries do to engage more directly in a fecund way with the creative impact of ideas which will fuel our growing knowledge economies?

This collection of essays, written by those who best understand these themes, is a fitting tribute to Reg Carr. His career illustrates these issues. If I may express it in purely personal terms, in Manchester I remember him as someone who was extraordinarily helpful and imaginative in acquiring strange and neglected publications from the 1940s in France, Belgium and Switzerland, on which I wanted to work without having to travel from library to library looking through their collections. At the turn of the century in Oxford, he was undertaking the process of integrating a fragmented university library system into a single usable whole as well as developing the hybrid library with digitisation and hyperlinks so that people like myself could begin to read widely and more subtly without having to travel from library to library. Certainly, in his leadership of national and international library organisations, Reg has been an intelligent observer and force for change – a change whose direction we understand but whose ultimate destination we probably do not yet know. The library world and the world of scholarship have benefited mightily from his devotion to them.

Sir Colin Lucas
Chair, British Library Board
http://www.bl.uk/aboutus/governance/blboard/memberslist/clucas/index.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin_Lucas
Warden, Rhodes House, and Chief Executive, Rhodes Trust
Vice-Chancellor, University of Oxford, 1997-2004
April 2007

Vince J. A. and R. A. Earnshaw (Eds) Advances in Modelling, Animation, and Rendering ISBN 1-85233-6544, June 2002.

Advances in computer technology and developments such as the Internet provide a constant momentum to design new techniques and algorithms to support computer graphics. Modelling, animation and rendering remain principal topics in the field of computer graphics and continue to attract researchers around the world.

This volume, sponsored by Computer Graphics International 2002, presents a collection of papers from international researchers that reflect recent advances in modelling, animation and rendering. The papers cover topics that include:

blend surfaces
subdivision surfaces
radiosity
ray tracing
visualisation
facial animation
interactive television
virtual crowd simulation
interaction in virtual environments
real-time rendering hardware
physically-based modelling and animation

There is an urgent need to make interaction more centred around human needs and capabilities, and that the human environment be considered in virtual environments and in other contextual information processing activities. The overall goal is to make users more effective in their information or communication tasks by reducing learning times, speeding up performance, lowering error rates, facilitating retention, and increasing subjective satisfaction. Online communities is an area of rapid and dynamic growth with new kinds of interaction, behaviours, communication, and relationship to the world of users and information. Guidelines for the basic user interface design need to be extended to accommodate these new technologies and interfaces to users. Fruitful lines of research investigation in all these areas are set out in this book.

Earnshaw R. A. and J. A. Vince (Eds) Intelligent Agents for Mobile and Virtual Media ISBN 1-85233-556-4, May 2002.

As the Internet and the WWW impact on corporate an private activities, the human-computer interface is becoming a central issue for the designers of these systems. Such interfaces will decide the success or failure of future technologies, which will have to provide users with easy-to-use ‘intelligent’ problem solving tools

‘Intelligent Agents’ are likely to play a significant role in the design of these interfaces, and this book explores how they are starting to influence media-based systems.

As you read Intelligent Agents for Mobile and Virtual Media, you will discover the considerable advances that have already been made on the long journey towards a day when computers will be truly described as an intelligent aid to our personal and business lives.

Earnshaw R. A. and J. A. Vince Digital Content Creation ISBN 1-85233-379-0, April 2001.

The virtual digital domain allows the capture, processing, transmission, storage, retrieval and display of text, images, audio and animation, without familiar materials such as paper, celluloid, magnetic tape, and plastic. But moving from these media to the digital domain introduces all sorts of problems, such as the conversion of analogue archives, multimedia databases, content-based retrieval and the design of new content that exploits the benefits offered by digital systems. It is this issue of digital content creation that is addressed in this book.

Different aspects of digital content creation are discussed in this volume, contributed by authors from around the world. Although each chapter addresses an individual aspect of the digital domain, there are common threads that unite them into an exciting vision of the future.

Frontiers of Human-Centered Computing, Online Communities and Virtual Environments – Rae Earnshaw, Richard Guedj, Andries van Dam and John Vince (Eds.), February 2001.

This volume presents the results of a joint National Science Foundation and European Commission Workshop which was set up to identify the future key strategic research directions in the areas of human-centered interaction, online communities and virtual environments. A research agenda is proposed for each area.

Front Row (left to right)
Karine Iannelli (Secretariat)
Ute Fahrholz (Secretariat)
Emilie Monferran (Secretariat)
Prof Richard Guedj (INT, France) Co-Chair
Margaret Denison (Secretariat)
Judy Brown (University of Iowa, USA), now Brown Cunningham Associates
Prof Rae Earnshaw (University of Bradford, UK) Co-Chair
http://www.inf.brad.ac.uk/home/rae.php
Mrs. Simone (host)

Second Row (left to right)
Lisa Manekofsky (Brown University, USA)
Prof Bertram Herzog (Fraunhofer CRCG, USA)
http://www.eecs.umich.edu/eecs/about/articles/2008/Herzog.html
http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/MCG.2008.91
Junji Yamaguchi (Independent researcher, Japan)
Dr Larry Rosenblum (Naval Research Laboratory, USA), now at the National Science Foundation
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_J._Rosenblum
http://www.nsf.gov/staff/staff_bio.jsp?lan=lrosenbl&org=NSF
Prof Ben Shneiderman (University of Maryland College Park, USA)
http://www.cs.umd.edu/~ben/
Prof Jenny Preece (University of Maryland Baltimore County, USA)
http://www.ifsm.umbc.edu/~preece/
http://ischool.umd.edu/people/preece/
Dr Wendy Kellogg (IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, USA)
http://www.research.ibm.com/SocialComputing/WendyKellogg.htm
Dr John Thomas (IBM Research Hawthorne, USA)
http://domino.research.ibm.com/comm/research_people.nsf/pages/jcthomas.index.html

Third row (left to right)
Prof Tosiyasu Kunii (Hosei University, Japan), now Chief Technology Advisor, Morpho Inc
http://www.morphoinc.com/en/corporate/profile.html
http://www.kunii.net/
Prof Andy van Dam (Brown University, USA) Co-Chair
http://www.cs.brown.edu/~avd/
Debbie van Dam
Jo Herzog
Dr Matthew Turk (Microsoft Research, USA)
http://vismod.media.mit.edu/people/affiliates/turk.html
Dr Charles Koelbel (National Science Foundation, USA)
Dr Jürgen Schönhut (Fraunhofer IGD, Germany)
http://www.cip4.org/cippi/juergen_schoenhut.html
Prof Mikael Jern (AVS and Linkoping University, Sweden)
http://vita.itn.liu.se/pub/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=14524&l=en
David Leevers (VERS, UK)
http://vers.co.uk/dleevers.htm
Christoph Busch (Fraunhofer IGD, Germany)
http://www.igd.fraunhofer.de/~busch/
Prof Tom DeFanti (University of Illinois at Chicago, USA)
http://www.cs.uic.edu/~tom/

Fourth Row (left to right)
Hartmut Chodura (Fraunhofer IGD, Germany)
Dr Sudhir Mudur (National Centre for Software Technology, India) now at Concordia University
http://www.cs.concordia.ca/people/full-timefaculty/mudur-sudhir-p.html
Dr Thomas Kirste (Fraunhofer Institute, Germany)
http://www.informatik.uni-rostock.de/thomas_kirste.html
Dr Deb Roy (MIT Media Laboratory, USA)
http://web.media.mit.edu/~dkroy/
Dr Turner Whitted (Microsoft Research, USA)
http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/people/jtw/

Back row (left to right)
Prof Tom Furness (HIT Laboratory, University of Washington, USA)
http://www.hitl.washington.edu/people/tfurness/
Prof Bill Buxton (Alias Wavefront/Silicon Graphics, University of Toronto, Canada) now at Microsoft Research
http://www.billbuxton.com/
Prof John Vince (University of Bournemouth, UK)
http://media.bournemouth.ac.uk/people/profiles/animation/johnvince.html
http://johnvince.co.uk/

Also attending but not shown:
Victor Abrash (SRI International, USA)
http://www.speech.sri.com/people/victor/
http://www.abrash.info/victor/victor.html
Prof Daniel Andler (University of Paris X, France)
http://lumiere.ens.fr/~andler/site/VitaEnglish
Jehan Bing (SRI International, USA)
http://bravobrava.com/links/people/jehan-bing.htm
Prof Ole Bernsen (Odense University, Denmark)
Prof José Encarnação (Fraunhofer IGD, Germany)
http://www.ini-graphics.net/about-us/experts-and-team/jle.html
Dr William Newman (Xerox Research Centre Europe, UK)

Report on the first joint European Commission/National Science Foundation Advanced Research Workshop 1-4 June 1999 Bonas, France (PDF)

Digital Media: The Future Vince J. A., R. A. Earnshaw (Eds), ISBN 1-85233-246-8, March 2000.

This volume presents state-of-the-art research from a wide area of subjects brought about by the digital convergence of computing, television, telecommunications and the World-Wide-Web. It represents a unique snapshot of trends across a wide range of subjects including

Virtual environments;
Virtual reality;
Telepresence;
Human computer interface design;
Interactivity;
Avatars;
and the Internet;

Both researchers and practitioners will find it an invaluable source of reference.

Digital Convergence: The Information Revolution Vince J. A., R. A. Earnshaw (Eds), ISBN 1-85233-140-2, August 1999.

Although the computer’s life has been relatively short, it has brought about an information revolution that is transforming our world on a scale that is still difficult to comprehend. This digital convergence is shaping society, technology and the media for the next millennium. Areas as diverse as home banking and shopping over the Internet; World Wide Web access over mobile phone networks; the use of wireless links to homes and businesses connecting them to the fixed telecommunications network; and television systems such as Web TV which combine on-line services with television via delivery with digital satellites and cable modems.

But convergence is not just about technology. It is also about services and new ways of doing business and of interacting with society. Digital convergence heralds the ‘Information Revolution’.

Edited by John Vince and Rae Earnshaw this important new book on digital convergence is an edited volume of papers, bringing together state-of-the-art developments in the Internet and World Wide Web and should be compulsory reading for all those interested in and working in those areas.

Vince J. A., R. A. Earnshaw (Eds), Virtual Worlds on the Internet ISBN 0-8186-8700-2, December 1998.

In recent years, computer graphics has evolved into the major disciplines of computer animation, image processing, visualization, and virtual reality. Today these technologies are converging into one seamless digital medium resulting in various tools that will transform the way we will work in the next century.

Virtual Worlds on the Internet examines how the latest developments in virtual environments, computer animation, communication networks, and the Internet are being configured to create revolutionary tools and systems.
Vince and Earnshaw include twenty papers that will influence computer systems of the twenty-first century. Topics include:

a toolkit for the development of virtual environment applications for education and research
behaviour descriptions used in expansive virtual environments<
different uses of VRML in information system interfaces
an examination of research in virtual reality environment interfaces
five approaches to supporting changes in virtual environments
how ATM networks can support multi-user 3D virtual environments
the transmission of vector graphics and animations over narrow-band transmission channels
an exploration of an implicit modelling system including an interactive editor for building models
a description of the advantages of 3D environments for shopping applications on the Internet
the prototype of a software tool that automatically generates 3D models of virtual supermarkets
a “VR workbench” that displays strategic information viewable by user group
an overview of a VR display system describing its workbench technology and its applications
how to separate the functionality of a multi-user 3D modelling system into functional tools with interface specifications

Earnshaw R. A., J. A. Vince (Eds), The Internet in 3D: Information, Images and Interaction ISBN 0-12-227736-8, 1997.

Today a network connection can provide a window on the world of millions of other users with whom information, data and programs can be exchanged. New styles of interaction with computers are becoming possible, and an integral part of this communication will be virtual and interactive. Browsers such as Mosaic and Netscape enable the user to locate 3D graphics information, pictures and videos via the World Wide Web (WWW), while tools to explore 3D data sets on the web are now available, such as VRML, JAVA, HOTJAVA and DREAMSCAPE.

The collection of state-of-the-art developments presented in this volume addresses the tools, applications and techniques of this fast moving field. Key topics covered include:

Tools for WWW Applications
3D Virtual Worlds
Visualization on the WWW and Networks
Multimedia
Publishing and the Internet
Education and Training

The Internet in 3D: Information, Images and Interaction provides readers with a unique opportunity to examine current practice and expert thinking. It will be essential reading for anyone who wishes to discover exactly what is happening in this exciting interactive 3D world.

Earnshaw R. A., J. A. Vince, H. Jones (Eds) Visualization and Modelling, Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-227738-4, 1997.

When computers were first used to process large data sets, computer graphics provided users with simple visualizations. Today, the discipline of scientific visualization is a mature one which can transform any type of numeric data into an image. Such images range from simple static graphs to complex animated 3D sequences. Furthermore, the technology of virtual reality can now integrate the user and images into an interactive immersive environment.

Visualization techniques have wide-ranging applications in diverse areas such as financial forecasting, business medicine, meteorology and engineering. This book brings together a panel of international experts active in:

computer graphics
computer animation
visualization
modeling
virtual reality

The latest advances and techniques are presented in topics ranging from generic algorithms in modeling to visualizing virtual environments.

Visualization and Modelling is essential reading for anyone who wishes to examine expert thinking and current practice in this exciting and fast moving area.

Earnshaw R. A., J. A. Vince, H. Jones (Eds), Digital Media and Electronic Publishing ISBN 0-12-227756-2, 1996

Digitally-based information is the key enabling characteristic of today’s information technology world. The experts predict that digital information will become even more pervasive as it moves into homes via cable, television and digital phones. The capabilities of digital media make it an increasingly attractive option for publication in the areas of electronic journals, electronic newspapers, interactive books and virtual libraries.

This volume reviews the state-of-the-art of digital media and electronic publishing. Given the strategic importance of this topic to a wide range of applications and developments, this book provides a unique insight into the views and research results of international authorities actively engaged in media-based projects around the world and discusses its implications for the future. The three world-renowned editors of this book bring together papers covering the challenges and opportunities faced in this new electronic information age. They include topics from the design, development and delivery of information modelling tools to the legal aspects of this highly complex area.

Digital media and Electronic Publishing is essential reading for graduates, researchers and professionals in digital-media and multimedia and will be of interest to anyone who wishes to find out more about this rapidly expanding and exciting area.

Brown J. R., R. A. Earnshaw, M. Jern, J. A. Vince, Visualization: Using Computer Graphics to Explore Data and Present Information ISBN 0-471-12991-7, 1995.

Whether you want to provide your clients with virtual architectural walkthroughs, envision nucleotides bonding to a strand of RNA, or chart daily fluctuations in foreign currency values, this book/CD set shows you how you can create visualisations of a quality you never dreamed possible. You’ll do it all using nothing more than your PC or workstation and off-the-shelf-software. No matter what field you’re in, this book gives you all the information you’ll need.

An international team of computer visualization experts allows you to explore the incredible scope of this powerful computer graphics medium. And, with the help of over one hundred gorgeous full color illustrations, they demonstrate some of the ways in which commercially available graphics tools can be used to envision, probe, interpret, and present information. Writing in a light accessible style, they train you in a host of basic visualization techniques and strategies that enable you to:

Create virtual environments in which to explore scientific or technical data
Envision abstract concepts and ideas in 2 and 3 dimensions
Combine images, data, video, and animation to produce stunningly persuasive presentations.

Earnshaw R. A. and J. A. Vince (Eds), Computer Graphics: Developments in Virtual Environments ISBN 0-12-227741-4, June 1995.

Anyone who has followed the progress of computer graphics during the 1970s and the 1980s will know that it was a very exciting period of discovery. It was a time when new rendering algorithms, different modelling strategies, clever animation techniques and significant advances in photorealism were being made. Complementing these software developments, hardware systems were dominated by raster technology and programmers had access to some excellent workstations to develop their graphics systems.

This volume brings together contributions from international experts on the diverse, yet important range of topics that impact upon the design and application of virtual environments. The first section addresses three topics in 3D modelling, whilst the second section reviews new approaches to rendering virtual environments. The third section explores recent research projects into the problems of animating and visualizing virtual environments. The fourth section looks at applications for virtual reality systems, and the final section covers the exciting field of simulating complex behaviours.

Computer Graphics: Developments in Virtual Environments is a unique opportunity to examine current practice and expert thinking. It will be essential reading for anyone who wishes to find out more about this exciting area.

Earnshaw R.A., H. Jones, J. A. Vince (Eds), Virtual Reality Applications ISBN 0-12-227755-4, 1995.

In the last decade, virtual reality (VR) has emerged from the realm of science fiction fantasies to be experienced by thousands of people. Also, the development of hardware and software support for VR has led to a huge expansion in the number of applications supported by the medium.

The collection of state-of-the-art developments presented in this volume explores the principal application areas of VR systems, and addresses some of the main issues for potential users. Application areas covered include medicine and surgery, engineering and simulation, systems development and modelling, televirtuality, art and education. Human factor issues in VR are also discussed.

In the relatively short time since the publication of Virtual Reality Systems, edited by Earnshaw, Jones, Gigante in 1993, the range of VR applications has proliferated. Virtual Reality Applications is an excellent companion to that volume.

Earnshaw R. A. and J. A. Vince (Eds) Multimedia Systems and Applications ISBN 0-12-227740-6, 1995.

The computer’s ability to control different media sources simultaneously is only one aspect of today’s communication revolution. For the first time in centuries, we have discovered a domain that challenges the way we organise, interpret and interact with text, images and sound. What is more, it is available on low-cost personal computers, and accessible to virtually everyone.

Multimedia is developing at an incredible rate. Hardware and software products may have a short life, but new and imaginative multimedia packages appear with increasing regularity.

Multimedia Systems and Applications brings together a collection of international contributions on multimedia systems and applications and looks in more detail at some of the current issues in the research and development of multimedia and the applications which exploit it. Part 1 on systems looks at technology, interfaces and techniques; Part 2 on Applications looks at simulation, education, publishing, and multimedia features.

This book will enable those new to the field to obtain a good grounding in the technology required, and the applications which can utilise it effectively. It will also be essential reading for graduates, researchers and professionals in computer graphics, human-computer interaction and multimedia.

Rosenblum L.J. R. A. Earnshaw, J. Encarnacao, H. Hagen, A. Kaufman, S. Klimenko, G. Nielson, F. Post, D. Thalmann (Eds) Scientific Visualization: Advances and Challenges ISBN 0-12-227742-2, 1994.

Numerical simulations of global warming… planetary exploration data… aircraft design… these are but a few of the topics where the use of human visual perception for data understanding has been found to be essential. Ten years ago, a handful of pioneers professed the value of visualization to sceptical audiences. Today, with supercomputers and sensors producing ever increasing amounts of data, scientific visualization is accepted as the fundamental tool for data analysis throughout much of science and engineering.

Scientific Visualization has been written by a leading world-wide panel of visualization experts to present current trends, issues and practice. From algorithmic topics such as volume graphics and the modelling and visualization of large data sets, to foundations, perception and interface technology (including virtual reality, the book presents the latest advances in the area. It demonstrates new techniques, examines diverse application areas and discusses current limitations and upcoming requirements.

This book is a unique opportunity to examine expert thinking and current practice, and to obtain a vision of future directions. It will be essential reading for scientific and engineering practitioners and visualization researchers alike.

Rogers D. F. and R. A. Earnshaw (Eds) State of the Art in Computer Graphics – Aspects of Visualization ISBN 0-387-94164-9, 1993.

This is the fourth volume derived from the continuing series of State of the Art in Computer Graphics Summer Institutes. The current volume represents both new and original work as well as a survey of a number of topics at the cutting edge of computer graphics. These topics include: visualisation of data from large computational codes, on both regular and irregular meshes, and of volumetric data; modelling in the context of the complexity and the constraints required for useful design systems, and of individual phenomena; rendering of strange attractors; stereo and synthetic experience in the context of virtual reality; and a thorough discussion of graphics hardware architectures.

The contributors, Ingrid Carlbom, Roy Hall and Mimi Bussan, Tosiyasu Kunii, David McAllister, Greg Nielson and John Tvedt, Warren Robinett, Dietmar Saupe and Wayne Tvedt, Val Watson and Pamela Walatka, and Turner Whitted, all of whom are internationally recognised experts, present material to both the general reader and to the specialist or more experienced researcher interested in the latest developments in computer graphics.

Earnshaw R.A. and D. Watson (Eds) , Animation and Scientific Visualization ISBN 0-12-227745-7, 1993.

Computer graphics has attracted a vast following over the past thirty years. The lure of objects spinning on a screen, photo-realistic renderings of car bodies, and the fascination with incredible forms of computer art have all contributed to the growth of interest in the area. Over the past ten years, a shift in emphasis away from pure computer graphics has been observed. The tools and techniques of advanced computer graphics have developed a new identity during this time – visualization.

Animation and Scientific Visualization covers a broad range of visualization topics, with the emphasis on practical examples and experience. It shows how animation and visualization are used both as an aid to the scientist in the presentation and explanation of their work, and in terms of the application of techniques to real problems.

This book provides a unique insight into the field, and will be of interest to all researchers and practitioners in computer graphics and scientific computing.

Crilly A.J., R. A. Earnshaw, and H. Jones (Eds), Applications of Fractals and Chaos ISBN 0-387-56492-6, 1993.

This volume brings together a number of distinctive contributions in the applications of fractals and chaos. The wide range of application areas indicates the extent to which fractals and chaos are being applied and shows their major potential as modelling tools for the investigation of natural and scientific phenomena. Cross fertilization of ideas will give researchers insights into methods that can be applied within a range of disciplines

The material presented in this volume shows many of the major areas that have been advanced by recent applications of the theories of fractals and chaos. It covers the visual and musical arts; biology, physiology, medicine and psychology; aeronautical, mechanical, nautical, and electronic engineering; image processing for camouflage and enhancement of features; the behaviours of road traffic and economic indicators. The richness of this collection indicates that the study of fractals and chaos is soundly based. The current wave of interest is more than faddish; there is enough solid theoretical material to ensure that the topics’ importance will extend beyond any fashionable peak. They will continue to contribute positively to technical and aesthetic applications. Fractals and Chaos are here to stay.

Earnshaw R. A., M. Gigante, and H. Jones (Eds), Virtual Reality Systems ISBN 0-12-227748-1, April 1993.

The increasing belief that virtual reality systems will soon be widely used is only part of the reason for the explosion of interest in the area. There is a fascination with the nature of systems that can provide an escape from the everyday environment, creating a scenario which a few years ago only existed within the realms of science fiction.

This volume brings together some of the leading practitioners and exponents in the fields of virtual reality and explores some of the main issues in the area. The main components of the current generation of virtual reality systems are outlined and the major recent developments of systems are discussed. A comprehensive bibliography is provided and the book contains 16 pages of colour plates.

Virtual Reality Systems will be of interest to all researchers and practitioners in computer graphics and human-computer interaction who wish to gain a broad understanding of the issues involved in this complex and exciting area.

Foreword by Professor Henry Fuchs, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA

Few developments in computer-related technologies have caused as much excitement in the general press as ‘virtual reality’. In newspapers, in magazines, on television, everyone seems to be talking about this ‘fantastic new technology’, even if they’re vague on precisely what it is. Even among the experts, the definitions vary. Here’s one definition: a VR system is one that gives the user an experience of being ‘immersed’ in a synthesized environment. This definition would, of course, include the most common VR systems, those that use head-mounted displays. It would also include professional flight simulators, but probably would not include flight simulator programs on home computers. It’s unfortunate that we calI this field ‘Virtual Reality’, for the term can easily be misunderstood.

The simulations in current VR systems are far from reality and there’s not much chance that they’re going to get even close to reality in the foreseeable future. The term is reminiscent of ‘electronic brain’ for computer, naive and misleading at best, certainly irritating, and it invites hype from the general press. How about virtual environments or simulated environments? They don’t have the sizzle, the MTV appeal, but then neither does ‘computer’. I’m afraid, for better or for worse, we’re stuck with ‘virtual reality’ as the name, at least for the general public.

It’s important to know that VR didn’t just come into being in the last few years. Many experts trace the beginning of VR to Ivan Sutherland’s 1965 IFIP address, ‘The ultimate display’ and to the description of a prototype VR system in his 1968 paper, ‘A head-mounted three-dimensional display’. Although digital flight simulators became widely utilized for pilot training in the 1970s, VR research was rather sparse until the late 1980s, by which time the needed technologies – real-time image generation, head-mounted display devices, and head tracking – became commercialIy available at affordable prices. This availability, plus a number of very capable promoters ignited the current craze. Not only is VR widely popular in research and in the press, but some predict that VR will become available widely to everyone in the not-so-distant future. Dr James Clark, Chairman of Silicon Graphics Computer Systems Inc., a leading supplier of 3D graphics-oriented workstations, in his ACM Siggraph ’92 invited talk, predicted that soon the home ‘telecomputer’ (television plus computer) will have the power and functionality of ‘VR graphics’, and such a telecomputer wilI enable a whole new range of applications to be engaged in by the ordinary user.

With the fantastic possibilities and tbe promise of widescale availability, it should be no surprise that the media are in love with VR, occasionalIy seeming to promise more than the more conservative technical specialists would think is prudent. Papers such as the ones collected here are major influences in restricting the hype and in promoting the ‘reality’ in virtual reality.

‘Systems’ in the title and theme of the book is especialIy appropriate. For VR to be effective, a systems approach is essential – it is futile to develop more powerful graphics image generation systems without an appropriate display device (and the current colour LCDs in helmets leave much’ to be desired); it’s difficult to walk about a simulated house without an effective way to walk (pointing a glove and ‘flying’ leave much to be desired). It’s not clear how much of a force VR will be in the technological landscape of the future.

If the VR community of developers works hard (and is lucky), much of the fantastic vision and promise of VR may become a reality in the next two decades. If so, we’ll look back on these years as the exciting pioneering era, just as we now look back on the first years of today’s major technologies – the radio, the telephone, television, and the computer. And we’ll bore our grandchildren with tales of how primitive our systems used to be, how we couldn’t move more than a step or two in our virtual environments without losing head tracking, how we couldn’t see much in the helmets because the pixels were the size of boulders. If we’re not lucky, we’ll be like the developers of failed technologies – probably forgotten. Of course we could have a middle ground – 50 years ago, some people predicted that by now we’d have a helicopter in every garage. They thought that flying through the air would be a much better way to commute than using roads. Despite the failure, so far, of that prediction, helicopters are enormously important to humankind in many roles, particularly search and rescue. Another example is space travel. In the 1960s there was much talk about travel to the moon soon being like international air travel. There’s not much talk of that now.

Much of the excitement of this field may lie in the uncertainty about the future. We don’t know which of the dreams of VR will be realized. As my colleague Gary Bishop says, ‘it’s not a done deal’. Today we can’t even get a virtual cube to stand stilI in front of us – it swims and lags behind our head and body movements due to delays in tracking, image generation and displays subsystems. This ‘swimming’ irritates and gives headaches to users and destroys the experience of being in a virtual environment. It’s not at all clear how easily we’ll be able to overcome this and related system problems. It’s ironic that after spending years trying to get objects to move rapidly we now find that it’s harder to keep them still.

However this field develops, this volume will be valuable. It not only teaches us much about the current state of the art in VR systems, but it will serve, in future years, as a marker for where we were this year.

May we live long enough to be able to talk about these as ‘the good old days’ of VR.

Henry Fuchs
Federico Gil Professor of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
1993
http://www.cs.unc.edu/~fuchs/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Fuchs

Earnshaw R.A. and Wiseman N. An Introductory Guide to Scientific Visualization ISBN 0-387-54664-2, July 1992.

This book is intended for readers new to the field who require q quick and easy-to-read summary of what Scientific Visualisation is and what it can do. Written in popular and journalistic style with many illustrations it will enable readers to appreciate the benefits of Scientific Visualization and how current tools can be exploited in many application areas. Scientist and research workers who have never used computer graphics or other visual tools before, and who wish to find out the advantages of the new approaches, will benefit from this book.

Foreword by Dr James H. Clark, Chairman Silicon Graphics Inc, USA

(subsequently co-founder of Netscape Communications Inc, Healtheon (now WebMD), myCFO (now Harris myCFO), and sponsor of the James H Clark Center at Stanford University)

Visualization has been the cornerstone of scientific progress throughout history. Much of modern physics is the result of the superior abstract visualization abilities of a few brilliant men. Newton visualized the effect of gravitational force fields in three dimensional space acting on the center of mass. And Einstein visualized the geometric effects of objects in relative uniform and accelerated motion, with the speed of light a constant, time part of space, and acceleration indistinguishable from gravity. Virtually all comprehension in science, technology and even art calls on our ability to visualize. In fact, the ability to visualize is almost synonymous with understanding. We have all used the expression “I see” to mean “I understand”.

Modern science part departs from the closed theories of the last century and demands computer simulations to understand real world situations. Scientific Visualization is the eyes through which these simulations are viewed, from electrochemical bonds to simulated interstellar jets associated with black holes.

Scientific Visualization is of value beyond strictly scientific applications, however. The same technology is now used in such diverse applications as clothing design, industrial design, automobile and airplane design, genetic engineering, chemical and drug design, oil and mineral exploration, chemical and nuclear power plant design, and motion picture special effects and animation. It is rapidly becoming a requirement for virtually all disciplines that deal with geometric things.

What is Scientific Visualization? It is a set of software tools coupled with a powerful 3D graphical computing environment that allows any geometric object or concept to be visualized by anyone. The software provides an easy to use interface for the user. The hardware must be able to manipulate complex, geometrically described, 3D environments in motion, color and with any level of “realism” called for to better communicate the essence of the computation.

Scientific Visualization is in its infancy, but the technology is sure to revolutionize scientific education. I believe that the requisite 3D graphical processing capability will be built into all personal computes within the next five years. And by the year 2000, I am confident that even the home digital television will combine such 3D graphical processing capability with digital video and audio. Then, even complex scientific textbooks will be viewed interactively on the home screen, with video clips depicting a lecturer, mathematical experiments run in and visualized on the “TV” and the student able to guide the learning process. But until then, such books as this will guide the way.

James H. Clark
Chairman, Silicon Graphics Inc
Mountain View
California, USA
May 1992
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Clark
http://www.answers.com/topic/james-h-clark
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Clark_Center

Brodlie K.W., L. A. Carpenter, R. A. Earnshaw, J. R. Gallop, R. J. Hubbold, A. M. Mumford, C. D. Osland, P. Quarendon Scientific Visualization – Techniques and Applications ISBN 0-387-54565-4, Jan 1992

This volume represents a full consideration of the subject of scientific visualisation and is intended to be a reference guide for the community on the technical aspects of the subject. The topics covered include Framework, Visualization Techniques, Data Facilities, Human Computer interface, Applications, Products, Glossary of Terms, Bibliography and Enabling Technologies. An Introduction gives an overview of the current field, and a final chapter summarises the Conclusions of the present work. The material is suitable for visualization tool makers and those involved in designing the next generation of systems as well as for users and potential users of scientific visualization systems.

Rogers D. F. & R. A. Earnshaw (Eds) State of the Art in Computer Graphics – Visualization and Modelling ISBN 0-387-97560-8, 1991.

As the title suggests, this book both new and original work as well as a survey of a number of topics at the cutting edge of computer graphics. These topics include: radiosity, nonlinear three dimensional textures, fractals, volumetric visualisation in the context of scientific visualisation, user interface design tools, rational B-spline curves and surfaces, n-manifold geometry in context of CSG and boundary representations with a discussion of the application of the radial-edge data structure to this problem, complexity in the context of modelling tools and a discussion of the evolution of graphics hardware and graphics algorithms for parallel hardware.

This is the third volume derived from the continuing series of State of the Art in Computer Graphics Summer Institutes. The contributors including Michael Cohen, Frank Crow, Jim Foley, Alain Fournier, Roy Hall, Paul Heckbert, Mike Muuss, Les Piegl, Craig Upson and Turner Whitted, All of whom are internationally recognised experts, present material of interest to both general reader and to the specialist or more experienced researcher interested in the latest developments in computer graphics.

Crilly A. J., R. A. Earnshaw, H. Jones (Eds) Fractals and Chaos ISBN 0-387-97362-1, 1991.

This volume brings together a number of distinctive contributions in the areas of fractals, chaos, and the interrelationship between the two domains. These contributions cover a wide variety of application areas, indicating the extent to which fractal and chaotic phenomena are being studied in the various disciplines. It is anticipated that the interdisciplinary nature of this subject will increase, which in turn will yield useful information on the potential (and also limitations in some cases) of fractals and chaos as modelling tools for the investigation of various natural and scientific phenomena.

It is hoped that an understanding of fractals and chaos will lead to a common basis for examining growth, development, organization, and behaviour of complex dynamical systems, many of which make up the natural world of which we are part. It is anticipated that the investigations of fractal structure associated with phase portals will be an exciting area of future work.

Rogers D. F. & R. A. Earnshaw (Eds) Computer Graphics Techniques – Theory and Practice ISBN 0-387-97237-4, 1990.

This is the second volume derived from a State-of-the-Art in Computer graphics Summer Institute. The current volume represents a survey of a number of topics in computer graphics. These topics include: raster algorithms, colour – both theory and practice – CAD-CAM, networking for graphics and graphics standards.

Generally the contributed chapters present a background introduction to the topic followed by a discussion of current work in the field. The volume is thus equally suitable for non-specialists in a particular area, and for the more experienced researcher in the field. It also enables general readers to obtain an acquaintance with a particular topic area sufficient to apply that knowledge in the context of solving current problems.

Kilgour A. C. & R. A. Earnshaw (Eds) Graphics Tools for Software Engineers ISBN 0-521-37221-6, 1989.

This book reviews current work in the application of graphical techniques to the construction and interpretation of computer software. The power of computer graphics in elucidating the behaviour of complex systems, in enhancing insight and understanding, and in facilitating the construction and reconfiguration of adaptable systems offers great promise in increasing the accessibility of computer systems and the productivity of software engineers.

This book reports on exciting and significant advances in these areas, as well as reviewing the history and principles of visual programming and program visualization. The book gives particular emphasis to contributions made by UK workers, and contributors include both established experts and new researchers. It will provide valuable back-up material for courses on graphics, HCI and software engineering ant universities and polytechnics, as well as essential reading fro researchers in these fields.

Lansdown R. J. & R. A. Earnshaw (Eds) Computers in Art, Design and Animation ISBN 0-387-96896-2, 1989.

This collection of contributions surveys the state-of-the-art in computer applications for graphics in art, animation and design. It provides an integrative view of the technological, computer-related aspects and considerations of the application of the computer as an artistic tool. The book is a valuable source of information for both the programmer interested in computer art, and for the artist exploring the creative potential of computers.

Dew P. M., R. A. Earnshaw, and T. R. Heywood (Eds) Parallel Processing for Computer Vision and Display ISBN 0-201-41605-0, 1989.

This book provides a state-of-the-art survey of parallel processing techniques applied to problems in computer vision and display.

General-purpose high-performance computers have become widely available. This has increased the importance of visualisation techniques, and has led to increased research and development activity in the converging areas of computer graphics, AI, vision and new architectures. This book provides a unique collection of papers from leading visualization researchers with a common interest in the application and exploitation of parallel programming techniques.

The book:

Presents leading-edge contributions from key international researchers
Applies parallel processing techniques to areas of Graphics/AI/Vision/New Architectures
Describes systems capable of novel and revolutionary application areas
Explores the converging areas of graphics and the human computer interface

The book will appeal to professionals and researchers interested in image processing and reconstruction, computer vision, computer graphics and geometric modelling. It will also be valuable as a supporting text and reference for courses on advanced computer graphics, computer vision and parallel processing.

Earnshaw R. A. & B. Wyvill (Eds) New Advances in Computer Graphics ISBN 4-431-70045-5, 1989.

This volume presents the proceedings of the 7th International Conference of the Computer graphics Society, CG International ’89 held at the University of Leeds, UK June 27-30, 1989. Since 1982 this conference has continued to attract high-quality research papers in all aspects of computer graphics and its applications. Originally the conference has continued to attract high-quality research papers in all aspects of computer graphics and its applications. Originally the conference was held in Japan (1982-1987), but in 1988 was held in Geneva, Switzerland. Future conferences are planned for Singapore in 1990, USA in 1991, Japan in 1992, and Canada in 1993.

Recent developments in computer graphics have concentrated on the following: greater sophistication of image generation techniques, advances in hardware and emphasis on the exploitation of parallelism, integration of robotics and AI techniques for animation, greater integration of CAD and CAM in CIM, use powerful computer graphics techniques to represent complex physical processes (visualization), advances n computational geometry and in the representation and modelling of complex physical and mathematical objects, and improved tools and methods for HCI. These trends and advances are reflected in this present volume. A number of papers deal with important research aspects in many of these areas.

Earnshaw R. A. (Ed) Theoretical Foundations of Computer Graphics and CAD ISBN 3-540-19506-8, 1988.

An Advanced Study Institute on the theme “Theoretical Foundations of Computer Graphics and CAD” was held in Il Ciocco, Italy, 4-17 July, 1987, under the auspices of the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO. The Institute was organised by a Scientific Committee consisting of Dr J. E. Bresenham, Winthrop University, USA, Dr R. A. Earnshaw, University of Leeds, UK, Professor A. R. Forrest, University of East Anglia, UK, and Professor M. L. V. Pitteway, Brunel University, UK. This book contains the formal presentations given at the Institute. Some 100 participants attended the Institute representing 20 countries. These include Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, USA. Academia, industry, government, and research laboratories were all represented. This contributed greatly to the success of the Institute since it promoted effective interchange of information from one constituency to another, and encouraged the generation of new ideas and perspectives. The primary objectives of the Institute were to provide an analysis and exposition of the theoretical foundations and bases of computer graphics and computer-aided design in order to give our understanding and exploitation of them a more rigorous and comprehensive basis.

NATO Advanced Study Institute
“Theoretical Foundations of Computer Graphics and CAD”
11 Ciocco International Centre, Castelvecchio Pascoli, Italy
4 – 17 July, 1987
http://www.ciocco.it/flash_site/index.html

Key results from this NATO Institute were presented at ACM SIGGRAPH in Anaheim, California, USA, 31 July 1987.

“Pretty Pictures aren’t so Pretty any more – A call for better Theoretical Foundations”
Rae Earnshaw, Jack Bresenham, David Dobkin, Robin Forrest, and Leo Guibas, ACM Computer Graphics, Vol 21, No 4, p 345, 1987, ISBN 0-89791-227-6.

By Number in the Photograph

Dr Michel Gangnet (Digital PRL, France), now Microsoft Research
Prof Theo Pavlidis (State University of New York, USA), now Distinguished Professor Emeritus http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/people/faculty/TheoPavlidis.html http://theopavlidis.com/
Ms Gillian Crampton Smith (Royal College of Art, UK) now Director of Interaction-Ivrea, Italy
http://www.iuav.it/Facolta/facolt–di1/English-ve/faculty/teaching-f/GillianCra/index.htm
Prof Godfried Toussaint (McGill University, Canada), now Radcliffe Fellow, Harvard University
http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/Members/patrick/school_news.2009-03-12.8466271906/
http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/
Mr Michael Gigante (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia)
Now CTO & VP of Engineering at EvoStor Inc
http://au.linkedin.com/pub/mike-gigante/5/107/628
http://www.evostor.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=53
Mr Peter Wu (IBM TJ Watson Research Center, USA)
Mr Steven Eker (SRI International, USA) http://www.csl.sri.com/people/eker/
Dr Anthony Barrett (Brunel University, UK)
Dr Chu Wang (IBM TJ Watson Research Center, USA)
Prof Hanan Samet (University of Maryland, USA), 2009 UCGIS Research Award
http://www.ucgis.org/summer2009/researchaward.htm
http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hjs/
Prof Manuel Pereira (Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal)
http://www.zoominfo.com/people/Pereira_Manuel_541301106.aspx
Mr Charles Woodward (Helsinki University of Technology, Finland)
Dr Alan Middleditch (Polytechnic of Central London), now Professor, Brunel University
http://homepage.mac.com/al_middleditch/
Prof Umberto Cugini (Polytechnic of Milan, Italy)
http://www.kaemart.it/~uc/
Mr Nicholas Williams (BP Research Centre, UK)
Dr D. Marini
Mr Andrew Day (University of East Anglia, UK), now Professor, UEA
http://www.uea.ac.uk/cmp/People/Faculty/Andy+Day
Dr Gunter Baszenski (University of Applied Arts and Sciences, Dortmund) http://www.fh-dortmund.de/~baszenski/index.php
Prof Michael Luby (University of Toronto, Canada) now Founder and CTO, Digital Fountain Inc
http://www.digitalfountain.com/executive-management.html
http://www.prlog.org/10149599-digital-fountain-founder-and-cto-dr-michael-luby-named-ieee-fellow.html
Prof David Avis (McGill University, Canada)
http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~avis/
Mr Tapio Takala (Helsinki University of Technology, Finland)
Dr Henri Gouraud (Digital PRL, France), now INRIA, France
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(computer_scientist)
http://demo.viidea.com/henri_gouraud/
Dr Paul Wilkinson (Computervision Ltd, UK)
Prof Yehoshpa Zeevi (Technion, Israel)
Mr Nilton De Oliveira (Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil)
Prof Alfred Schmitt (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)
Dr Cornelius van Overveld (Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands), now at Philips Research, Eindhoven
Dr John Strong (RARDE, UK)
Ir Johan Ero (Philips CAD Centre, Netherlands)
Prof Mike Pitteway (Brunel university, UK)
http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/acad/siscm/disc/people/all/MikePitteway
http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/acad/siscm/disc/events/cdata/AbriefhistoryofComputerScienceatBrunelandbefore
Mr John Lansdown (System Simulation Ltd, UK), 1929-1999
http://www.cea.mdx.ac.uk/?location_id=118
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lansdown
Dr Rae Earnshaw (University of Leeds, now University of Bradford, UK)
http://www.inf.brad.ac.uk/home/rae.php
Mrs Frances Johnson (University of Leeds, UK)
Dr Jack Bresenham (Winthrop University, USA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Elton_Bresenham
Prof Robin Forrest (University of East Anglia, UK)
http://www.uea.ac.uk/cmp/events-news/news/2007-8/forrest-emeritus
Mr Sumanta Pattanaik (National Centre for Software technology, India), now Associate Professor, University of Central Florida, USA
http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~sumant/
Dr Glenn Johnson (Macquarie University, Australia)
http://web.science.mq.edu.au/directory/listing/person.htm?id=glenn
Prof John Goldak (Carleton University, Canada), now Distinguished Research Prof
http://www.mae.carleton.ca/maehtmls/goldak.html
Dr Mehmet Emin Bozhuyuk (Ataturk University, Turkey)
Mr Kamal El Dahshan (University of Compiegne, France)
Dr Massimo de Sanctis (Shape Technical Centre, Netherlands)
Prof Eddy Flerackers (University of Hasselt, Belgium)
Now Director, Expertise Centre Digital Media http://www.edm.uhasselt.be/people/show/eddy.flerackers
Prof Henry Fuchs (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA)
http://www.cs.unc.edu/~fuchs/
Mr Michael Davis (IBM UK Laboratories, UK)
Dr Varol Akman (Bilkent University, Turkey)
http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~akman/
Dr Francis Prusker (Digital PRL, France)
http://fr.linkedin.com/pub/francis-prusker/0/403/b82
Dr Wolfgang Kramarczyk (Max Planck Institute, Germany)
Ir Huub van de Wetering (Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands)
http://nl.linkedin.com/in/wstahw
Dr John Tucker (University of Leeds, UK), now Professor, University of Swansea
http://www-compsci.swan.ac.uk/~csjvt/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_V._Tucker
Dr David Hendry (University of Aberdeen, UK)
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~wpe009/people/details.php?id=d.c.hendry
Drs Hans Jense (University of Leiden, Netherlands), now Chief Exercises and Training, Nato C3, Netherlands
http://nl.linkedin.com/pub/hans-jense/8/b73/581
Mr Werner Kuhn (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland)
http://ifgi.uni-muenster.de/~kuhn/
http://www.nesc.ac.uk/esi/themes/theme_04/contact.htm
Dr Peter King (Staffordshire University, UK)
Dr Ralph Martin (Cardiff University, UK), now Professor
http://ralph.cs.cf.ac.uk/
Prof Armin Gruen (ETH Hoenggerberg, Switzerland)
http://www.photogrammetry.ethz.ch/general/persons/agruen.html
Mr Wolfgang Delges (Consultant, Germany)
Ing Karl C Posch (Technical University of Graz, Austria), now Professor
http://www.iaik.tugraz.at/content/about_iaik/people/posch_karl_christian/
Dr Maurizio Rosina (Dept of Informatica e Sistemistica, Italy)
Dr Bianca. Falcidieno (Istituto Matematica Applicata del CNR, Italy)
http://www.ge.imati.cnr.it/ima/smg/people.html#falcidieno
Dr Deborah Pollard (Queen Mary College, UK)
Dr Leila De Floriani (University of Genova, Italy) http://www.disi.unige.it/person/DeflorianiL/
Prof Leo Guibas (Stanford University, USA)
http://geometry.stanford.edu/member/guibas/
Dr Meurig Beynon (University of Warwick, UK)
http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~wmb/
Dr Francis Neelamkavil (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland), now Professor
https://www.cs.tcd.ie/Francis.Neelamkavil/
Mr Jorge Stolfi (Stanford University and DEC SRC, USA), now Professor,
University of Campinas, Brazil
http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~stolfi/
Dr David Duce (Oxford Brookes University, UK) http://cms.brookes.ac.uk/staff/DavidDuce/
Mr Michael Parsons (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK)
Dr Stephen Marsh (University of Reading, UK)
Mr R. Bakalash
Dr Ayse Kiper (Middle East Technical University, Turkey)
http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/index.php?option=com_cow_people&task=view&type=staff&group=0&username=ayse
Michael Schlaich (ETH, Switzerland), now managing Director, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner
http://www.sbp.de/en/html/profile/schlaich.html
Dr Ing Ronald Stenvert (University of Utrecht, Netherlands), now Senior Researcher at BBA, Utrecht
http://nl.linkedin.com/pub/ronald-stenvert/12/2b2/299
Dr Stuart Hoggar (University of Glasgow, UK)
http://www.gla.ac.uk/stafflist/?action=person&id=4cd4ece68b9e203c98f3
Dr Mark Overmars (University of Utrecht, Netherlands), now Professor
http://people.cs.uu.nl/markov/
Dr W-D Fellner (Technical University of Graz, Austria), now Director, Fraunhofer IGD
http://www.igd.fhg.de/igd-a0/staff/fellner/index.html
Prof David Dobkin (Princeton University, USA)
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpd/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_P._Dobkin
Eng Plamen Mateev (CAD R&D Laboratory, Bulgaria)
http://www.linkedin.com/pub/plamen-mateev/6/ba8/2b8
Ir Marc Corthout (Philips Research Laboratories, Netherlands)
Drs Henk Schouten (CWI, Netherlands)
Mr Peter Krasznai (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland)
Mr Roman Kuchkuda (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA)
Mr Randy Heiland (Center for Industriforskning, Norway)
Prof Tao Hong (Northwestern Polytechnical University, China)
Mr Mark Williams (Philips Research Laboratories, UK)
Dr Lyle Ramshaw (DEC Systems Research Center, USA), now at HP Labs
http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=47195
http://www.hpl.hp.com/people/lyle_ramshaw/
Mr Adib Romaya (University of Oxford, UK)
Eng Thierry Pudet (Digital PRL, France)
Mr Huw Jones (Middlesex University, UK)
Prof Claude Puech (Ecole Normale Superieure, France), now Director of Research, Inria
http://www.inria.fr/personnel/Claude.Puech.en.html
Dr Jean-Manuel Van-Thong (Digital PRL, France)
Mr Francois Sillion (Ecole Normale Superieure, France), now at Inria, France
http://artis.imag.fr/~Francois.Sillion/
Eng Abel Santos (Universidade do Minho, Portugal)
Dr Ahmet Eskicioglu (Middle East Technical University, Turkey)
Dr Mauro Marini (Enidata spa, Italy)
http://it.linkedin.com/in/mmarini
Dr Thomas Risse (University of Tubingen, Germany)
Mr Oliver Mullarney (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland)
Dr Silvie Vignes (ENST, France)
Dr Caterina Rizzi (Polytechnic of Milan, Italy), now Professor at the University of Bergamo, Italy
http://www.linkedin.com/pub/dir/Caterina/Rizzi/
Dr Paul ten Hagen (CWI, Netherlands)
Dr John Hobby (AT&T Bell Laboratories, USA)
http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/index.shtml

Attended the Institute but not shown in the picture

Dr Slyvia Ansaldi (Italcad, Italy) – not shown
Mr Charles Clark (University of Waterloo, Canada) – not shown
Mr David Stone (IBM UK Ltd) – not shown
Prof Dr Wolfgang Strasser (University of Tubingen, Germany) – not shown
http://www.gris.uni-tuebingen.de/people/staff/strasser/
Prof James Foley (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) – not shown
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Jim.Foley/foley.html
Prof Juan Leiceaga Baltar – not shown
Dr Roberto Scopigno – not shown
http://it.linkedin.com/pub/roberto-scopigno/5/686/1b3
Prof Micha Sharir (New York University, USA) – not shown. Now at Tel Aviv University
http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~michas/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha_Sharir
Prof Harold Santo (Technical University of Lisbon, Portgual) – not shown
Dr Greg Nicolae (European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Germany) – not shown
Prof Ilhan Or (Bogazici University, Turkey) – not shown. Now Professor
http://www.ie.boun.edu.tr/~or/
Prof Arie Kaufman (State University of New York, UK) – not shown
Now Distinguished Professor and Chairman http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~ari/

In Alphabetic order of Name

46        Dr Varol Akman (Bilkent University, Turkey)
http://www.cs.bilkent.edu.tr/~akman/
Dr Slyvia Ansaldi (Italcad, Italy) – not shown
20        Prof David Avis (McGill University, Canada)
http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~avis/
71        Mr R. Bakalash
8          Dr Anthony Barrett (Brunel University, UK)
18        Dr Gunter Baszenski (University of Applied Arts and Sciences, Dortmund) http://www.fh-dortmund.de/~baszenski/index.php
65        Dr Meurig Beynon (University of Warwick, UK)
http://www.dcs.warwick.ac.uk/~wmb/
39        Dr Mehmet Emin Bozhuyuk (Ataturk University, Turkey)
34        Dr Jack Bresenham (Winthrop University, USA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Elton_Bresenham
Mr Charles Clark (University of Waterloo, Canada)
81        Ir Marc Corthout (Philips Research Laboratories, Netherlands)
3          Ms Gillian Crampton Smith (Royal College of Art, UK) now Director of Interaction-Ivrea, Italy
http://www.iuav.it/Facolta/facolt–di1/English-ve/faculty/teaching-f/GillianCra/index.htm
14        Prof Umberto Cugini (Polytechnic of Milan, Italy)
http://www.kaemart.it/~uc/
44        Mr Michael Davis (IBM UK Laboratories, UK)
17        Mr Andrew Day (University of East Anglia, UK), now Professor, UEA
http://www.uea.ac.uk/cmp/People/Faculty/Andy+Day
63        Dr Leila De Floriani (University of Genova, Italy) http://www.disi.unige.it/person/DeflorianiL/
25        Mr Nilton De Oliveira (Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil)
57        Mr Wolfgang Delges (Consultant, Germany)
41        Dr Massimo de Sanctis (Shape Technical Centre, Netherlands)
79        Prof David Dobkin (Princeton University, USA)
http://www.cs.princeton.edu/~dpd/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_P._Dobkin
68        Dr David Duce (Oxford Brookes University, UK) http://cms.brookes.ac.uk/staff/DavidDuce/
32        Dr Rae Earnshaw (University of Leeds, now University of Bradford, UK)
http://www.inf.brad.ac.uk/home/rae.php
7          Mr Steven Eker (SRI International, USA)
http://www.csl.sri.com/people/eker/
40        Mr Kamal El Dahshan (University of Compiegne, France)
29        Ir Johan Ero (Philips CAD Centre, Netherlands)
96        Dr Ahmet Eskicioglu (Middle East Technical University, Turkey)
61        Dr Bianca. Falcidieno (Istituto Matematica Applicata del CNR, Italy)
http://www.ge.imati.cnr.it/ima/smg/people.html#falcidieno
78        Dr W-D Fellner (Technical University of Graz, Austria), now Director, Fraunhofer IGD
http://www.igd.fhg.de/igd-a0/staff/fellner/index.html
42        Prof Eddy Flerackers (University of Hasselt, Belgium)
Now Director, Expertise Centre Digital Media http://www.edm.uhasselt.be/people/show/eddy.flerackers
Prof James Foley (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA) – not shown
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/fac/Jim.Foley/foley.html
35        Prof Robin Forrest (University of East Anglia, UK)
http://www.uea.ac.uk/cmp/events-news/news/2007-8/forrest-emeritus
43        Prof Henry Fuchs (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA)
http://www.cs.unc.edu/~fuchs/
1          Dr Michel Gangnet (Digital PRL, France), now Microsoft Research
5          Mr Michael Gigante (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia)
Now CTO & VP of Engineering at EvoStor Inc
http://au.linkedin.com/pub/mike-gigante/5/107/628
http://www.evostor.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=45&Itemid=53
38        Prof John Goldak (Carleton University, Canada), now Distinguished Research Prof
http://www.mae.carleton.ca/maehtmls/goldak.html
22        Dr Henri Gouraud (Digital PRL, France), now INRIA, France
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(computer_scientist)
http://demo.viidea.com/henri_gouraud/
56        Prof Armin Gruen (ETH Hoenggerberg, Switzerland)
http://www.photogrammetry.ethz.ch/general/persons/agruen.html
64        Prof Leo Guibas (Stanford University, USA)
http://geometry.stanford.edu/member/guibas/
65        Ms Gillian Hall
85        Mr Randy Heiland (Center for Industriforskning, Norway)
51        Dr David Hendry (University of Aberdeen, UK)
http://www.abdn.ac.uk/~wpe009/people/details.php?id=d.c.hendry
102      Dr John Hobby (AT&T Bell Laboratories, USA)
http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/hobby/index.shtml
76        Dr Stuart Hoggar (University of Glasgow, UK)
http://www.gla.ac.uk/stafflist/?action=person&id=4cd4ece68b9e203c98f3
86        Prof Tao Hong (Northwestern Polytechnical University, China)
52        Drs Hans Jense (University of Leiden, Netherlands), now Chief Exercises and Training, Nato C3, Netherlands
http://nl.linkedin.com/pub/hans-jense/8/b73/581
87        Dr Glenn Johnson (Macquarie University, Australia)
http://web.science.mq.edu.au/directory/listing/person.htm?id=glenn
33        Mrs Frances Johnson (University of Leeds, UK)
91        Mr Huw Jones (Middlesex University, UK)
Prof Arie Kaufman (State University of New York, UK)– not shown
Now Distinguished Professor and Chairman http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/~ari/
54        Dr Peter King (Staffordshire University, UK)
72        Dr Ayse Kiper (Middle East Technical University, Turkey)
http://www.ceng.metu.edu.tr/index.php?option=com_cow_people&task=view&type=staff&group=0&username=ayse
48        Dr Wolfgang Kramarczyk (Max Planck Institute, Germany)
83        Mr Peter Krasznai (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland)
84        Mr Roman Kuchkuda (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA)
53        Mr Werner Kuhn (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Switzerland)
http://ifgi.uni-muenster.de/~kuhn/
http://www.nesc.ac.uk/esi/themes/theme_04/contact.htm
31        Mr John Lansdown (System Simulation Ltd, UK), 1929-1999
http://www.cea.mdx.ac.uk/?location_id=118
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lansdown
Prof Juan Leiceaga Baltar – not shown
16        Dr D. Marini
19        Prof Michael Luby (University of Toronto, Canada) now Founder and CTO, Digital Fountain Inc
http://www.digitalfountain.com/executive-management.html
http://www.prlog.org/10149599-digital-fountain-founder-and-cto-dr-michael-luby-named-ieee-fellow.html
96        Dr Mauro Marini (Enidata spa, Italy)
http://it.linkedin.com/in/mmarini
70        Dr Stephen Marsh (University of Reading, UK)
55        Dr Ralph Martin (Cardiff University, UK), now Professor
http://ralph.cs.cf.ac.uk/
80        Eng Plamen Mateev (CAD R&D Laboratory, Bulgaria)
http://www.linkedin.com/pub/plamen-mateev/6/ba8/2b8
13        Dr Alan Middleditch (Polytechnic of Central London), now Professor, Brunel University
http://homepage.mac.com/al_middleditch/
98        Mr Oliver Mullarney (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland)
66        Dr Francis Neelamkavil (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland), now Professor
https://www.cs.tcd.ie/Francis.Neelamkavil/
Dr Greg Nicolae (European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Germany) – not shown
Prof Ilhan Or (Bogazici University, Turkey) – not shown. Now Professor
http://www.ie.boun.edu.tr/~or/
77        Dr Mark Overmars (University of Utrecht, Netherlands), now Professor
http://people.cs.uu.nl/markov/
69        Mr Michael Parsons (Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK)
36        Mr Sumanta Pattanaik (National Centre for Software technology, India), now Associate Professor, University of Central Florida, USA
http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~sumant/
2          Prof Theo Pavlidis (State University of New York, USA), now Distinguished Professor
Emeritus
http://www.cs.sunysb.edu/people/faculty/TheoPavlidis.html
http://theopavlidis.com/
11        Prof Manuel Pereira (Instituto Superior Tecnico, Portugal)
http://www.zoominfo.com/people/Pereira_Manuel_541301106.aspx
30        Prof Mike Pitteway (Brunel university, UK)
http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/acad/siscm/disc/people/all/MikePitteway
http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/acad/siscm/disc/events/cdata/AbriefhistoryofComputerScienceatBrunelandbefore
62        Dr Deborah Pollard (Queen Mary College, UK)
58        Ing Karl C Posch (Technical University of Graz, Austria), now Professor
http://www.iaik.tugraz.at/content/about_iaik/people/posch_karl_christian/
47        Dr Francis Prusker (Digital PRL, France)
http://fr.linkedin.com/pub/francis-prusker/0/403/b82
90        Eng Thierry Pudet (Digital PRL, France)
92        Prof Claude Puech (Ecole Normale Superieure, France), now Director of Research, Inria
http://www.inria.fr/personnel/Claude.Puech.en.html
88        Dr Lyle Ramshaw (DEC Systems Research Center, USA), now at HP Labs
http://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=47195
http://www.hpl.hp.com/people/lyle_ramshaw/
97        Dr Thomas Risse (University of Tubingen, Germany)
100      Dr Caterina Rizzi (Polytechnic of Milan, Italy), now Professor at the University of Bergamo, Italy
http://www.linkedin.com/pub/dir/Caterina/Rizzi/
89        Mr Adib Romaya (University of Oxford, UK)
60        Dr Maurizio Rosina (Dept of Informatica e Sistemistica, Italy)
10        Prof Hanan Samet (University of Maryland, USA), 2009 UCGIS Research Award
http://www.ucgis.org/summer2009/researchaward.htm
http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hjs/
Prof Harold Santo (Technical University of Lisbon, Portgual) – not shown
95        Eng Abel Santos (Universidade do Minho, Portugal)
74        Michael Schlaich (ETH, Switzerland), now managing Director, Schlaich Bergermann and Partner
http://www.sbp.de/en/html/profile/schlaich.html
26        Prof Alfred Schmitt (University of Karlsruhe, Germany)
82        Drs Henk Schouten (CWI, Netherlands)
Dr Roberto Scopigno – not shown
http://it.linkedin.com/pub/roberto-scopigno/5/686/1b3
Prof Micha Sharir (New York University, USA) – not shown. Now at Tel Aviv University
http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~michas/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha_Sharir
94        Mr Francois Sillion (Ecole Normale Superieure, France), now at Inria, France
http://artis.imag.fr/~Francois.Sillion/
75        Dr Ing Ronald Stenvert (University of Utrecht, Netherlands), now Senior Researcher at BBA, Utrecht
http://nl.linkedin.com/pub/ronald-stenvert/12/2b2/299
67        Mr Jorge Stolfi (Stanford University and DEC SRC, USA), now Professor,
University of Campinas, Brazil
http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~stolfi/
Mr David Stone (IBM UK Ltd) – not shown
Prof Dr Wolfgang Strasser (University of Tubingen, Germany) – not shown
http://www.gris.uni-tuebingen.de/people/staff/strasser/
28        Dr John Strong (RARDE, UK)
21        Mr Tapio Takala (Helsinki University of Technology, Finland)
101      Dr Paul ten Hagen (CWI, Netherlands)
4          Prof Godfried Toussaint (McGill University, Canada), now Radcliffe Fellow, Harvard University
http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/Members/patrick/school_news.2009-03-12.8466271906/
http://cgm.cs.mcgill.ca/~godfried/
50        Dr John Tucker (University of Leeds, UK), now Professor, University of Swansea
http://www-compsci.swan.ac.uk/~csjvt/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_V._Tucker
49        Ir Huub van de Wetering (Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands)
http://nl.linkedin.com/in/wstahw
27        Dr Cornelius van Overveld (Eindhoven University of Technology, Netherlands), now at Philips Research, Eindhoven
93        Dr Jean-Manuel Van-Thong (Digital PRL, France)
99        Dr Silvie Vignes (ENST, France)
9          Dr Chu Wang (IBM TJ Watson Research Center, USA)
23        Dr Paul Wilkinson (Computervision Ltd, UK)
15        Mr Nicholas Williams (BP Research Centre, UK)
87        Mr Mark Williams (Philips Research Laboratories, UK)
12        Mr Charles Woodward (Helsinki University of Technology, Finland)
6          Mr Peter Wu (IBM TJ Watson Research Center, USA)
24        Prof Yehoshpa Zeevi (Technion, Israel)
53        Dr Dayong Zhang

Rogers D. F., Earnshaw R. A. (Eds) Techniques for Computer Graphics ISBN 3-540-96492-4. ISBN 3-540-19506-8, 1987.

Capturing the state of the art in computer graphics is akin to attempting to photograph a fast-moving target. The result, at best, is a synoptic snapshot. The current volume represents a snapshot of a number of topics in the field. These include: workstations, graphics standards, image generation, computer-aided design (CAD), curves and surfaces, human-computer interface issues, electronic documents, integrated graphics and text, solid modelling, VLSI, and innovative applications. Computer graphics pioneers looked to the time when computer graphics would come of age, when anticipated developments would become the reality of today. This has now happened. The aspects covered in this volume make it clear that computer graphics is not just a potential tool, it is a real tool. Many of the powerful methods and techniques that are encapsulated in the body of knowledge called computer graphics are increasingly being embedded in silicon. Consequently they are now available on the desk top at more affordable prices. In the future, we can look forward to systems with even greater power, functionality, and flexibility.

Earnshaw R. A. (Ed) Workstations and Publication Systems ISBN 0-540-96527-0, 1987.

Office automation and associated hardware and software technologies are producing significant changes in traditional typing, printing, and publishing techniques and strategies. The long term impact of current developments is likely to be even more far reaching as reducing hardware costs, improved human-computer interfacing, uniformity through standardisation, and sophisticated software facilities will all combine together to provide systems of power, capability, and flexibility. The configuration of the system can be matched to the requirements of the user, whether typist, clerk, secretary, manager, director, or publisher. This book presents contributions on a number of topics in the general areas of page description and graphics, document structures and editing, workstations and human-interface aspects, and languages and implementations.

Earnshaw R. A., R. D. Parslow, J. R. Woodwark (Eds) Geometric Modelling and Computer Graphics – Techniques and Applications ISBN 0-291-39731-X, 1987.

Geometric modelling, the creation of computer-based models of shapes of all kinds, is one of the central Technologies in Computer Aided Design; the tools of computer graphics are used in both modelling and visual communication. This book presents some of the typical problems arising in various application areas, reviews the modelling and graphics techniques to overcome them, and provides the underlying theory.

The first two parts deal with modelling: Part A covering problems and solutions and part B typical application areas. The final part C provides techniques and theory of 3D graphics.

The is intended for all those with design and implementation responsibilities in modelling projects, in Computer Graphics, CIM, CADCAM, Animation and Geometrical representation.

Earnshaw R. A. (Ed) Fundamental Algorithms for Computer Graphics ISBN 3-540-13920-6, November 1985 (reprinted 1991)

Algorithms provide the foundation for all computational processes. This volume presents algorithms at the foundational level and also at the various levels between this level and the user application. Some of these algorithms are classical and have become well established in the field.

The basic primitives of computer graphics are lines, circles, conics curves and characters. This volume contains reference material in all these areas. The higher levels of contouring and surface drawing are also well covered. Developments in hardware architectures have continued since the first printing of this book, but the basic principles of hardware/software trade-offs remain valid.

This reprint is published as a Study Edition to make the material more accessible to students and researchers in computer graphics and its applications. The continuing popularity of the original book demonstrates the value and timelessness of its contents.

NATO Advanced Study Institute
“Fundamental Algorithms for Computer Graphics”
30 March – 12 April 1985
Ilkley, England

Invited Lecturers
Dr Jack E. Bresenham (IBM, Research Triangle Park, USA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Elton_Bresenham
Ir R. Brons (Catholic University of Nijmegen, Netherlands)
Professor James H. Clark (Stanford University and Silicon Graphics Inc, USA)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Clark
http://www.answers.com/topic/james-h-clark
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_H._Clark_Center
Dr P. Coueignoux (Data Business Vision Inc, USA)
Dr Peter M. Dew (University of Leeds, UK)
Now Professor, University of Leeds, UK
http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/webscience/html/about_pete.php
Dr Rae A. Earnshaw (University of Leeds, UK)
Now Professor, University of Bradford, UK
http://www.inf.brad.ac.uk/home/rae.php

Professor A. Robin Forrest (University of East Anglia, UK)
http://www.uea.ac.uk/cmp/events-news/news/2007-8/forrest-emeritus
Professor Henry Fuchs (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA)
http://www.cs.unc.edu/~fuchs/
Mr Richard A. Guedj (SIGRID s.a., France)
Mr R. John Lansdown (System Simulation Ltd, UK)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lansdown
http://www.olats.org/pionniers/pp/lansdown.php
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/1999/mar/03/guardianobituaries
http://www.cea.mdx.ac.uk/?location_id=118
Professor Mike L. V. Pitteway (Brunel University, UK)
http://www.brunel.ac.uk/about/acad/siscm/disc/events/cdata/AbriefhistoryofComputerScienceatBrunelandbefore
Professor David F. Rogers (US Naval Academy, USA)
http://www.nar-associates.com/technical-flying/biodfr_web.html
http://www.nar-associates.com/flying-adventures/flyadvm.html
Dr Malcolm A. Sabin (Fegs Ltd, UK)
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mas33/
http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/rainbow/research/subdivision.html
Dr Richard F. Voss (Harvard University and IBM Yorktown Heights, USA)

Contributing Lecturers
Dr Ken W. Brodlie (University of Leeds, UK)
Now Research Professor, University of Leeds, UK
http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/kwb/
Ms Heather Brown (University of Kent, UK)
http://cajun.cs.nott.ac.uk/compsci/epo/epoddbrd/heather.html
Mr Chris J. Cartledge (University of Salford, UK)
Dr Peter A. Dowd (University of Leeds, UK)
Now Executive Dean, Faculty of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/directory/peter.dowd
Mr Derrick J. Grover (British Technology Group, UK)
Dr Alistair C. Kilgour (University of Glasgow. UK)
Mr Robert D. Parslow (Brunel University, UK)
Professor Alan de Pennington (University of Leeds, UK)
http://www.engineering.leeds.ac.uk/iesd/people/dePennington.shtml
Mr Tom Sancha (Cambridge Interactive Systems Ltd, UK)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newell%27s_algorithm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEDUSA
Dr Craig Sinclair (NATO, Belgium)
Dr John V. Tucker (University of Leeds, UK)
Now Professor at the University of Swansea, UK
http://www-compsci.swan.ac.uk/~csjvt/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_V._Tucker

Submitted Contributions
Dr leo Dorst (Delft University of Technology, Netherlands)
Now at the University of Amsterdam
http://staff.science.uva.nl/~leo/
A. Gay (IBM UK Laboratories Ltd, UK)
Prof T. Hong (Northwestern Polytechnical University, China)
M. R. Kappel (George Washington University, USA)
A.P. Surany (RCA Government Communications Systems, USA)
K. Unsworth (University of Dundee, UK)
V. Skala (Technical University, Czechoslovakia)
Now at University of West Bohemia
http://wscg.zcu.cz/~skala/
D. J. Boller (Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, UK)
Dr P. Quarendon (IBM UK Scientific Centre, UK)
Prof W. R. Franklin (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USA)
http://www.ecse.rpi.edu/Homepages/wrf/pmwiki/
Prof M. H. Overmars (University of Utrecht, Netherlands)
http://people.cs.uu.nl/markov/
W.J.M. Teunissen and J. van den Bos(University of Leiden, Netherlands)
P.K.Gosh and S.P. Mudur (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India)

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Published Books

Earnshaw R. A., “Research and Development in Art, Design and Creativity”, Springer, pp 90, 2016, ISBN-13: 978-3319330044, ISBN-10: 3319330047

http://www.springer.com/gb/book/9783319330044

http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783319330044

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Research-Development-Creativity-SpringerBriefs-Computer/dp/3319330047

Brown J. R., van Dam A., Earnshaw R.A., Encarnacao J. L., Guedj R.A., Preece J., Shneiderman B., J. A. Vince, “Human-Centered Computing, Online Communities and Virtual Environments”, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol 19, No 6, Nov/Dec, pp 70-74, 1999. ISSN 0272-1716. http://www.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/doi/10.1109/38.799742

Earnshaw R. A., Guedj R.A., van Dam A. and Vince J. A. (Eds): “Frontiers of Human-Centered Computing, Online Communities and Virtual Environments”, Springer-Verlag, pp 482, ISBN: 1-85233-238-7, 2001. http://www.amazon.com/Frontiers-Human-Centred-Computing-Communities-Environments/dp/1852332387 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=373998

Brown J.R., Earnshaw R.A., Jern M. and Vince J.A. “Visualization: Using Computer Graphics to Explore Data and Present Information “, John Wiley & Sons Inc. (with CD-ROM), pp 287, ISBN: 0-471-12991-7, 1995. http://www.amazon.com/Visualization-Computer-Graphics-Explore-Information/dp/0471129917

Earnshaw R.A. and Wiseman N. “An Introductory Guide to Scientific Visualization”, Springer-Verlag, pp 156, ISBN: 0-387-54664-2, 1992. http://www.amazon.com/Introductory-Guide-Scientific-Visualization/dp/0387546642 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=132985

Brodlie K.W., Carpenter L.A., Earnshaw R.A, Gallop J.R. and Hubbold R.J. “Scientific Visualization – Techniques and Applications”, Springer-Verlag, pp 284, ISBN: 0-387-54565-4, 1992. http://www.amazon.com/Scientific-Visualization-K-W-Brodlie/dp/0387545654

Edited Books

Ugail H., Qahwaji R.S.R., Earnshaw R.A. and Willis P.J. (eds.) 2009, “Proceedings of Cyberworlds 2009”, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, USA ISBN: 978-0-7695-3791-7, pp. 400.
For more information see: http://www2.computer.org/portal/web/csdl/abs/proceedings/cw/2009/3791/00/3791toc.htm

Earnshaw R.A. and Vince J.A. (eds.) 2008, “Digital Convergence – Libraries of the Future”, Springer, ISBN: 13-978-1-84628-902-6, pp. 447. http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Convergence-Libraries-Rae-Earnshaw/dp/1846289025 http://www.springer.com/computer/database+management+%26+information+retrieval/book/978-1-84628-902-6

Vince J.A. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 2002, “Advances in Modelling, Animation and Rendering”, Springer, ISBN: 1-85233-6544, pp. 547. http://www.amazon.com/Advances-Modelling-Animation-Rendering-Vince/dp/1852336544

Earnshaw R.A. and Vince J.A. (eds.) 2002, “Intelligent Agents for Mobile and Virtual Media”, Springer, ISBN: 1-85233-5564, pp. 195. http://www.amazon.com/Intelligent-Agents-Mobile-Virtual-Media/dp/1852335564

Earnshaw R.A. and Vince J.A. (eds.) 2001, “Digital Content Creation”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 1-85233-379-0, pp. pp 354. http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Content-Creation-Rae-Earnshaw/dp/1852333790 Also Kindle Edition: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Digital-Content-Creation/dp/B000PY41Q0

Vince J.A. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 2000, “Digital Media: The Future”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 1-85233-246-8, pp. 312. http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Media-Future-John-Vince/dp/1852332468 Kindle Edition: http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Media-The-Future-ebook/dp/B0013L25YO

Vince J.A. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 1999, “Digital Convergence: The Information Revolution”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 1-85233-140-2, pp. 350. http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Convergence-Information-John-Vince/dp/1852331402

Vince J.A. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 1998, “Virtual Worlds on the Internet”, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, California, ISBN: 0-8186-8700-2, pp. 343. http://www.amazon.com/Virtual-Worlds-Internet-Practitioners-Vince/dp/0818687002 http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0818687002,miniSiteCd-IEEE_CS2.html

Earnshaw R.A. and Vince J.A. (eds.) 1997, “The Internet in 3D: Information, Images and Interaction”, Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-227736-8, pp. 392. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Internet-3D-Information-Images-Interaction/dp/0122277368

Earnshaw R.A., Vince J.A. and Jones H. (eds.) 1997, “Visualization and Modelling”, Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-227738-4, pp. 478. http://www.amazon.com/Visualization-Modelling-John-Vince/dp/0122277384

Earnshaw R.A., Vince J.A. and Jones H. (eds.) 1996, “Digital Media and Electronic Publishing”, Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-227756-2, pp. 219. http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Media-Electronic-Publishing-Earnshaw/dp/0122277562

Earnshaw R.A. and Vince J.A. (eds.) 1995, “Multimedia Systems and Applications”, Academic Press (with CD-ROM), ISBN: 0-12-227740-6, pp. 264. http://www.amazon.com/Multimedia-Systems-Applications-Rae-Earnshaw/dp/0122277406

Earnshaw R.A., Jones H. and Vince J.A. (eds.) 1995, “Virtual Reality Applications”, Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-227755-4, pp. 328. http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0122277554/acmorg-20 http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=214650

Earnshaw R.A. and Vince J.A. (eds.) 1995, “Computer Graphics: Developments in Virtual Environments”, Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-227741-4, pp. 503. http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Graphics-Developments-Virtual-Environments/dp/0122277414

Rosenblum L.J., Earnshaw R.A., Encarnacao J., Hagen H. and Kaufman A (eds.) 1994, “Scientific Visualization: Advances and Challenges”, Academic Press/IEEE Computer Society Press, ISBN: 0-12-227742-2, pp. 532. http://www.amazon.com/Frontiers-Scientific-Visualization-Advances-Challenges/dp/0122277422

Earnshaw R.A., Gigante M. and Jones H. (eds.) 1993, “Virtual Reality Systems”, Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-227748-1, pp. 327. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Virtual-Reality-Systems-R-Earnshaw/dp/0122277481

Crilly A.J., Earnshaw R.A. and Jones H. (eds.) 1993, “Applications of Fractals and Chaos”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 0-387-56492-6, pp. 317. http://www.amazon.com/Applications-Fractals-Chaos-Computer-Sciences/dp/3540564926

Rogers D.F. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 1993, “State of the Art in Computer Graphics – Aspects of Visualization”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 0-387-94164-9, pp. 253. http://www.amazon.com/State-Art-Computer-Graphics-Visualization/dp/0387941649/ref=sr_1_19?s=STORE&ie=UTF8&qid=1283950057&sr=1-19

Earnshaw RA and Watson D. (eds.) 1993, “Animation and Scientific Visualization – Tools and Applications”, Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-227745-7, pp. 285. http://www.amazon.com/Animation-Scientific-Visualization-Tools-Applications/dp/0122277457

Crilly A.J. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 1991, “Fractals and Chaos”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 0-387-97362-1, pp. 277. http://www.amazon.com/Fractals-Chaos-J-Crilly/dp/0387973621

Rogers D.F. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 1991, “State of the Art in Computer Graphics – Visualization and Modelling”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 0-387-97560-8, pp. 368. http://www.amazon.com/State-Art-Computer-Graphics-Visualization/dp/0387975608

Rogers D.F. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 1990, “Computer Graphics Techniques – Theory and Practice”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 0-387-97237-4, pp. 542. http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Graphics-Techniques-Theory-Practice/dp/0387972374

Kilgour A.C. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 1989, “Graphics Tools for Software Engineers”, Cambridge University Press, ISBN: 0-521-37221-6, pp. 112. http://www.amazon.com/Graphics-Software-Engineers-Computer-Workshop/dp/0521372216

Dew P.M., Earnshaw R.A. and Heywood T.R. (eds.) 1989, “Parallel Processing for Computer Vision and Display”, Addison-Wesley, ISBN: 0-201-41605-0, pp. 502. http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&id=575581 http://www.amazon.com/Parallel-Processing-Computer-Vision-Display/dp/0201416050/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1284018830&sr=1-1

Earnshaw R.A. and Wyvill B. (eds.) 1989, “New Advances in Computer Graphics”, Proceedings of CG International 89, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 4-431-70045-5, pp. 718. http://www.amazon.com/New-Advances-Computer-Graphics-International/dp/3540700455/ref=sr_1_8?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1284018944&sr=1-8

Lansdown R.J. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 1989, “Computers in Art, Design and Animation”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 0-387-96896-2, pp. 305. http://www.amazon.com/Computers-Design-Animation-John-Lansdown/dp/0387968962

Earnshaw R.A. (ed.) 1988, “Theoretical Foundations of Computer Graphics and CAD”, Springer-Verlag, F40, ISBN: 3-540-19506-8, pp. 1270. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Theoretical-Foundations-Computer-Graphics-Sciences/dp/0387195068/ref=sr_1_9?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1284021084&sr=1-9

Rogers D.F. and Earnshaw R.A. (eds.) 1987, “Techniques for Computer Graphics”, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 3-540-96492-4, pp. 512. http://www.amazon.de/Techniques-Computer-Graphics-David-Rogers/dp/3540964924

Earnshaw R.A. (ed.) 1987, “Workstations and Publication Systems”, Springer-Verlag, (NY), ISBN: 0-540-96527-0, pp. 229. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Workstations-Publication-Systems-Rae-Earnshaw/dp/0387965270

Earnshaw R.A., Parslow R.D. and Woodwark J.R. (eds.) 1987, “Geometric Modelling and Computer Graphics – Techniques and Applications”, Technical Press, Gower Publishing, UK, ISBN: 0-291-39731-X, pp. 254. http://www.amazon.com/Geometric-Modelling-Computer-Graphics-Applications/dp/029139731X/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1284021297&sr=1-2

Earnshaw R. A (ed.) 1985, “Fundamental Algorithms for Computer Graphics”, Reprinted 1991, NATO ASI Series, Vol 17, 344 Figs, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 3-540-13920-6, pp. 1042. Hardcover:http://www.amazon.com/Fundamental-Algorithms-Computer-Graphics-Sciences/dp/0387139206 Paperback: http://www.amazon.co.uk/Fundamental-Algorithms-Computer-Graphics-Institute/dp/038754397X

Chapters in Books

Foreword to the book – “The History of Visual Magic in Computers – How Beautiful Images are madeForeword is here –http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4471-4932-3/page/1
Press release –Dr Jon Peddie is President of JP Research, Inc, San Franciso Bay area, USA
http://www.jpresearch.com/
http://www.springer.com/about+springer/media/pressreleases?SGWID=0-11002-6-1430441-0
http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/bfm%3A978-1-4471-4932-3%2F1.pdf
Book chapters here –
in CAD, 3D, VR and AR”, J. Peddie, Springer, July 2013, pp 448, with colour illustrations.

Earnshaw R.A. and Vince J.A. (2008): “From the Information Age to the Intelligence Age: Exploiting IT and Convergence”, Digital Convergence – Libraries of the Future, R.A.Earnshaw and J.A.Vince (eds.), Springer, ISBN: 13-978-1-84628-902-6, pp. 241-251.

Earnshaw R.A. et al (2005): “Visual Representations and Interaction Technologies”, Illuminating the Path: the Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics, J.J.Thomas and K.A.Cook (eds.), IEEE Computer Society, ISBN: 0-7695-2323-4, pp. 69-104.

Flerackers C., Chilton N., Earnshaw R.A., Lamotte W. and Van Reeth F. (2000): “3D Virtual Community Building Applications in the PANIVE Architecture”, Digital Media: The Future, Springer-Verlag, ISBN: 1-85233-246-8, pp. 268-280.

Tang W., Cavazza M., Mountain D. and Earnshaw R.A. (1998): “Real-Time Inverse Kinematics through Constrained Dynamics”, Modelling and Motion Capture Techniques for Virtual Environments, N. Magnenat Thalmann, D. Thalmann (ed.), ISBN: 3-540-65353-8, pp. 159-170.

Lamotte W., Earnshaw R.A., Van Reeth F. and Flerackers E. (1997): “Exploiting ATM Technology in the Implementation of Networked Multimedia Applications”, The Internet in 3D: Information, Images and Interaction, R. A. Earnshaw, J. A. Vince (ed.), Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-227736-8, pp. 271-281.

Lamotte W., Earnshaw R.A., Van Reeth F. and Flerackers E. (1997): “Multimedia Applications over Broadband ATM Networks”, Visualization and Modelling, R. A. Earnshaw, J. A. Vince, H. Jones (ed.), Academic Press, pp. 461-470.

Earnshaw R.A., Chilton N. and Palmer I.J. (1997): “Visualization and Virtual Reality on the Internet”, The Internet in 3D: Information, Images and Interaction, R. A. Earnshaw, J. A. Vince (ed.), Academic Press, ISBN: 0-12-227736-8, pp. 203-222.